{"id":2246,"date":"2023-07-23T02:23:10","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T02:23:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b5\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T02:23:10","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T02:23:10","slug":"%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a r (4 \u0637\u0631\u0642)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ar\/\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a R:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1. (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\">\n<li style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 &#8220;\u062c\u0631\u0633&#8221; \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2. (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 QQ.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\">\n<li style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3. (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a) \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0643.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\">\n<li style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 p \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u03b1 = 0.05\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>4. (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a) \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641-\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0641.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\">\n<li style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 p \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u03b1 = 0.05\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a R:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#make this example reproducible\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">set. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">seeds<\/span> (0)<\/span>\n\n#create data that follows a normal distribution\n<\/span>normal_data &lt;- rnorm(200)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data that follows an exponential distribution\n<\/span>non_normal_data &lt;- rexp(200, rate=3)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define plotting region\n<\/span>by(mfrow=c(1,2)) \n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create histogram for both datasets\n<\/span>hist(normal_data, col=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">steelblue<\/span> ', main=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Normal<\/span> ')\nhist(non_normal_data, col=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">steelblue<\/span> ', main=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Non-normal<\/span> ')<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-20539 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/normer1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"642\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"\"><\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 &#8220;\u062c\u0631\u0633&#8221; \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627) \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 QQ<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 QQ \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a R:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#make this example reproducible\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">set. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">seeds<\/span> (0)<\/span>\n\n#create data that follows a normal distribution\n<\/span>normal_data &lt;- rnorm(200)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data that follows an exponential distribution\n<\/span>non_normal_data &lt;- rexp(200, rate=3)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define plotting region\n<\/span>by(mfrow=c(1,2)) \n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create QQ plot for both datasets\n<\/span>qqnorm(normal_data, main=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Normal<\/span> ')\nqqline(normal_data)\n\nqqnorm(non_normal_data, main=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Non-normal<\/span> ')\nqqline(non_normal_data)\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-20540 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/normer2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"649\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"\"><\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 QQ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645) \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 QQ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0643<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Shapiro-Wilk \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a R:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#make this example reproducible\n<\/span>set. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">seeds<\/span> (0)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data that follows a normal distribution\n<\/span>normal_data &lt;- rnorm(200)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#perform shapiro-wilk test<\/span>\nshapiro. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">test<\/span> (normal_data)\n\n\tShapiro-Wilk normality test\n\ndata: normal_data\nW = 0.99248, p-value = 0.3952\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data that follows an exponential distribution\n<\/span>non_normal_data &lt;- rexp(200, rate=3)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#perform shapiro-wilk test<\/span>\nshapiro. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">test<\/span> (non_normal_data)\n\n\tShapiro-Wilk normality test\n\ndata: non_normal_data\nW = 0.84153, p-value = 1.698e-13<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 p \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 0.05\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 p \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a <em>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/em> \u0645\u0646 0.05\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641-\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Kolmogorov-Smirnov \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a R:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#make this example reproducible\n<\/span>set. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">seeds<\/span> (0)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data that follows a normal distribution\n<\/span>normal_data &lt;- rnorm(200)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#perform kolmogorov-smirnov test\n<\/span>ks. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">test<\/span> (normal_data, ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">pnorm<\/span> ')\n\n\tOne-sample Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov test\n\ndata: normal_data\nD = 0.073535, p-value = 0.2296\nalternative hypothesis: two-sided\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data that follows an exponential distribution\n<\/span>non_normal_data &lt;- rexp(200, rate=3)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#perform kolmogorov-smirnov test<\/span>\nks. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">test<\/span> (non_normal_data, ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">pnorm<\/span> ') \n\tOne-sample Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov test\n\ndata: non_normal_data\nD = 0.50115, p-value &lt; 2.2e-16\nalternative hypothesis: two-sided<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 p \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 0.05\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 p \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a <em>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/em> \u0645\u0646 0.05\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 <em>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645<\/em> \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1. \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645 x \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>log(x)<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2. \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a:<\/strong> \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645 x \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong><span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">\u221ax<\/span><\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3. \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0639\u064a\u0628\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645 x \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>x <sup>1\/3<\/sup><\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ar\/\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0655\u0644\u0649-\u0635\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/a> \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a R.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a-\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ar\/\u0634\u062e\u0635-\u0645\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0654\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a-\u0635\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 QQ \u0641\u064a R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ar\/\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631-\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648-\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0643-\u0635\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ar\/\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631-\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641-\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0641-\u0635\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Kolmogorov-Smirnov \u0641\u064a R<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a R: 1. (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 &#8220;\u062c\u0631\u0633&#8221; \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a. 2. (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 QQ. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a R (4 \u0637\u0631\u0642) - Statorials<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a 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