{"id":457,"date":"2023-07-29T20:24:26","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T20:24:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ar\/dnorm-pnorm-rnorm-qnorm-%d9%81%d9%8a-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-29T20:24:26","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T20:24:26","slug":"dnorm-pnorm-rnorm-qnorm-%d9%81%d9%8a-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ar\/dnorm-pnorm-rnorm-qnorm-%d9%81%d9%8a-r\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 dnorm\u060c pnorm\u060c qnorm \u0648rnorm \u0641\u064a r"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a R \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 dnorm<\/strong> \u0648 pnorm<\/strong> \u0648 rnorm<\/strong> \u0648 qnorm<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n

com.dnormous<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 dnorm<\/strong> \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (pdf) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 x<\/em> \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u03bc<\/em> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u03c3<\/em> . \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 dnorm \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

dnorm (x\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u060c sd)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 dnorm<\/strong> \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n

 #find the value of the standard normal distribution pdf at x=0<\/span>\ndnorm(x=0, mean=0, sd=1)\n#[1]0.3989423\n\n#by default, R uses mean=0 and sd=1<\/span>\ndnorm(x=0)\n#[1]0.3989423\n\n#find the value of the normal distribution pdf at x=10 with mean=20 and sd=5\ndnorm(x=10, mean=20, sd=5)<\/span>\n#[1]0.01079819<\/span><\/span>\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 pnorm<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 dnorm<\/strong> . \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0640 dnorm<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a R. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/span><\/p>\n
 #Create a sequence of 100 equally spaced numbers between -4 and 4<\/span>\nx <- seq(-4, 4, length=100)\n\n#create a vector of values that shows the height of the probability distribution<\/span>\n#for each value in x<\/span>\ny <- dnorm(x)\n\n#plot x and y as a scatterplot with connected lines (type = \"l\") and add<\/span>\n#an x-axis with custom labels<\/span>\nplot(x,y, type = \"l\", lwd = 2, axes = FALSE, xlab = \"\", ylab = \"\")\naxis(1, at = -3:3, labels = c(\"-3s\", \"-2s\", \"-1s\", \"mean\", \"1s\", \"2s\", \"3s\"))<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n
 com.pnorm<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 pnorm<\/strong> \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 (cdf) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 q<\/em> \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u03bc<\/em> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u03c3<\/em> . \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 pnorm \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645 (\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 pnorm<\/strong> \u0628\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 x<\/em> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 q<\/em> \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 Lower.tail = FALSE<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
 pnorm(q\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c sd\u060c Lower.tail = FALSE)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 pnorm.<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 1:<\/strong> \u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u03bc<\/span> = 70 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u03c3 = 2 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em> \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 74 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
 #find percentage of males that are taller than 74 inches in a population with<\/span>\n#mean = 70 and sd = 2<\/span>\npnorm(74, mean=70, sd=2, lower.tail=FALSE)\n\n# [1]0.02275013<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644 2,275% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 74 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 2:<\/strong> \u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u03bc<\/span> = 30 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u03c3 = 5 \u0631\u0637\u0644. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 22 \u0631\u0637\u0644\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
 #find percentage of otters that weight less than 22 lbs in a population with<\/span>\n#mean = 30 and sd = 5<\/span>\npnorm(22, mean=30, sd=5)\n\n# [1]0.05479929<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 5.4799% \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 22 \u0631\u0637\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 3:<\/strong> \u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u03bc<\/span> = 13 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u03c3 = 2 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 10 \u0648 14 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
 #find percentage of plants that are less than 14 inches tall, then subtract the\n#percentage of plants that are less than 10 inches tall, based on a population\n#with mean = 13 and sd = 2<\/span>\npnorm(14, mean=13, sd=2) - pnorm(10, mean=13, sd=2)\n\n# [1]0.6246553<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 62.4655% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 10 \u064814 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n
 com.qnorm<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 qnorm<\/strong> \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 (cdf) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 p<\/em> \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u03bc<\/em> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u03c3<\/em> . \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 qnorm \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n
 qnorm (\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u060c sd)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 qnorm<\/strong> \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 Z \u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 pth<\/sup> \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 qnorm<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n
 #find the Z-score of the 99th quantile of the standard normal distribution<\/span> \nqnorm(.99, mean=0, sd=1)\n#[1]2.326348\n\n#by default, R uses mean=0 and sd=1\nqnorm(.99)<\/span>\n#[1]2.326348\n\n#find the Z-score of the 95th quantile of the standard normal distribution<\/span>\nqnorm(.95)\n#[1]1.644854\n\n#find the Z-score of the 10th quantile of the standard normal distribution<\/span>\nqnorm(.10)\n#[1]-1.281552<\/span>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n
 rnorm<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 rnorm<\/strong> \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647 n<\/em> \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u03bc<\/em> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u03c3<\/em> . \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 rnorm \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u0631\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645 (\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0633\u062f)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 rnorm<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n
 #generate a vector of 5 normally distributed random variables with mean=10 and sd=2<\/span>\nfive <- rnorm(5, mean = 10, sd = 2)\nfive\n# [1] 10.658117 8.613495 10.561760 11.123492 10.802768\n\n#generate a vector of 1000 normally distributed random variables with mean=50 and sd=5\n<\/span>narrowDistribution <- rnorm(1000, mean = 50, sd = 15)\n\n<\/span>#generate a vector of 1000 normally distributed random variables with mean=50 and sd=25<\/span>\nwideDistribution <- rnorm(1000, mean = 50, sd = 25)\n\n<\/span>#generate two histograms to view these two distributions side by side, specify\n#50 bars in histogram and x-axis limits of -50 to 150\npar(mfrow=c(1, 2)) #one row, two columns<\/span>\nhist(narrowDistribution, breaks=50, xlim=c(-50, 150))<\/span>\nhist(wideDistribution, breaks=50, xlim=c(-50, 150))<\/span>\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646 25\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 15 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 50.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a R \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 dnorm \u0648 pnorm \u0648 rnorm \u0648 qnorm . com.dnormous \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 dnorm \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (pdf) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 x \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u03bc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u03c3 . \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 dnorm \u0648pnorm \u0648qnorm \u0648rnorm \u0641\u064a R - 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