<\/p>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 Summary()<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n 1. \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a R \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 R-squared \u0644\u0644\u0640 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 R-squared \u0644\u0644\u0640 0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f R \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0640 R \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 R \u0647\u0648 0.775<\/strong> . \u0625\u0630\u0646 R \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0648 0.775 2<\/sup> = 0.601<\/strong> . \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 60.1%<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/i> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 R-squared \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n 2. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 3.008 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 .<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628:<\/span><\/strong> <\/span> \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644<\/sub> \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 = -19.343 \u2013 0.019*\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0628 \u2013 0.031*\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646 + 2.715*\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627<\/em> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0644<\/em> \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636<\/em> = 220 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em> = 150 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639<\/em> = 3\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 18.57373<\/strong> \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/em> .<\/span><\/p>\n \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0632 R \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a> .<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a R:<\/span><\/p>\n \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a R<\/a> \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a R\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0630\u0647\u0628! \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a R mtcars \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\n
\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
#view first six lines of mtcars<\/em><\/span>\nhead(mtcars)\n\n# mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb\n#Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4\n#Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4\n#Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1\n#Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1\n#Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2\n#Valiant 18.1 6 225 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n #create new data frame that contains only the variables we would like to use to\n<\/span>data <- mtcars[, c(\"mpg\", \"disp\", \"hp\", \"drat\")]\n\n#view first six rows of new data frame\nhead(data)\n\n# mpg disp hp drat\n#Mazda RX4 21.0 160 110 3.90\n#Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 160 110 3.90\n#Datsun 710 22.8 108 93 3.85\n#Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 258 110 3.08\n#Hornet Sportabout 18.7 360 175 3.15\n#Valiant 18.1 225 105 2.76<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
pairs(data, pch = 18, col = \"steelblue\")<\/strong><\/pre>\n
\n
#install and load the GGally<\/em> library<\/span>\ninstall.packages(\"GGally\")\nlibrary(GGally)\n\n#generate the pairs plot\n<\/span>ggpairs(data)<\/strong><\/pre>\n \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
lm(response_variable ~ predictor_variable1 + predictor_variable2 + ..., data = data)<\/strong><\/pre>\n
model <- lm(mpg ~ disp + hp + drat, data = data)<\/strong><\/pre>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
hist(residuals(model), col = \"steelblue\")\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
#create fitted value vs residual plot<\/span>\nplot(fitted(model), residuals(model))\n\n#add horizontal line at 0\n<\/span>abline(h = 0, lty = 2)<\/strong><\/pre>\n \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
summary(model)\n\n#Call:\n#lm(formula = mpg ~ disp + hp + drat, data = data)\n#\n#Residuals:\n# Min 1Q Median 3Q Max \n#-5.1225 -1.8454 -0.4456 1.1342 6.4958 \n#\n#Coefficients:\n#Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) \n#(Intercept) 19.344293 6.370882 3.036 0.00513 **\n#disp -0.019232 0.009371 -2.052 0.04960 * \n#hp -0.031229 0.013345 -2.340 0.02663 * \n#drat 2.714975 1.487366 1.825 0.07863 . \n#---\n#Significant. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1\n#\n#Residual standard error: 3.008 on 28 degrees of freedom\n#Multiple R-squared: 0.775, Adjusted R-squared: 0.7509 \n#F-statistic: 32.15 on 3 and 28 DF, p-value: 3.28e-09\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
\n
\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
\n
#define the coefficients from the model output<\/span>\nintercept <- coef(summary(model))[\"(Intercept)\", \"Estimate\"]\ndisp <- coef(summary(model))[\"disp\", \"Estimate\"]\nhp <- coef(summary(model))[\"hp\", \"Estimate\"]\ndrat <- coef(summary(model))[\"drat\", \"Estimate\"]\n\n#use the model coefficients to predict the value for mpg<\/em>\n<\/span>intercept + disp*220 + hp*150 + drat*3\n\n#[1] 18.57373<\/strong><\/pre>\n \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a R<\/a>
\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a R<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"