{"id":259,"date":"2023-08-03T12:18:35","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T12:18:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/cn\/p%e5%80%bc\/"},"modified":"2023-08-03T12:18:35","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T12:18:35","slug":"p%e5%80%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/cn\/p%e5%80%bc\/","title":{"rendered":"P \u503c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8be5\u503c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u5b83\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u4e86\u89e3 p \u503c\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97 p \u503c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9010\u6b65\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%c2%bfque-es-el-valor-p\"><\/span> p \u503c\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c <strong>p \u503c<\/strong>\uff08\u6216<strong>p-value<\/strong> \uff09\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u68c0\u9a8c\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cp \u503c\u662f 0 \u5230 1 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u6216\u63a5\u53d7\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c p \u503c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u663e\u7740\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5219\u62d2\u7edd\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c p \u503c\u5927\u4e8e\u663e\u7740\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5219\u63a5\u53d7\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\u5e76\u62d2\u7edd\u5907\u62e9\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd p \u503c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002 <\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color:#FFFDE7; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-right: 20px; padding-left: 30px; border: 2.5px dashed #FFB74D; border-radius:20px;\"> <span style=\"color:#ff951b\">\u27a4<\/span><strong>\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\uff1a<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/cn\/\u663e\u7740\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\/\">\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u663e\u7740\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f<\/a><\/div>\n<p>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cp \u503c\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u5076\u7136\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u663e\u7740\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p> p \u503c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a<em><strong>p \u503c<\/strong><\/em>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7edf\u8ba1\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u82f1\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"interpretacion-del-valor-p\"><\/span> p \u503c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86 p \u503c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e2d\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u91ca p \u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\uff0cp \u503c\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul style=\"color:#FF8A05; font-weight: bold;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:16px\"><span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">\u5982\u679c p \u503c\u5c0f\u4e8e\u663e\u7740\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5219\u62d2\u7edd<a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/cn\/\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\/\">\u539f\u5047\u8bbe<\/a>\uff08\u63a5\u53d7\u5907\u62e9\u5047\u8bbe\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:16px\"><span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">\u5982\u679c p \u503c\u5927\u4e8e\u663e\u7740\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5219\u62d2\u7edd\u5907\u62e9<a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/cn\/\u5907\u62e9\u5047\u8bbe1\/\">\u5047\u8bbe<\/a>\uff08\u63a5\u53d7\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c <strong>p \u503c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u9009\u7684\u663e\u7740\u6027\u6c34\u5e73<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u663e\u7740\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0.05 \u6216 0.01\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cp \u503c\u7684\u503c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u793a\u5047\u8bbe\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5047\u8bbe\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7531\u4e8e p \u503c\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u5047\u8bbe\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u72af\u9519\uff0c\u5f53\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6\u62d2\u7edd\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f53\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u5047\u65f6\u4e0d\u62d2\u7edd\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u867d\u7136\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5f53p\u503c\u5c0f\u4e8e\u663e\u7740\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u03b1 = 0.05\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4p\u503c\u663e\u7740\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679cp\u503c\u5c0f\u4e8e\u663e\u7740\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5219\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6709\u663e\u7740\u8bc1\u636e\u62d2\u7edd\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u3002 \u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ejemplo-del-valor-p\"><\/span> p \u503c\u793a\u4f8b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e2d p \u503c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97 p \u503c\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5236\u9020\u73a9\u5177\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u516c\u53f8\u8d2d\u4e70\u73a9\u5177\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u96f6\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u5176\u4f59\u96f6\u4ef6\u7ec4\u88c5\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u60a8\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u96f6\u4ef6\u957f\u5ea6\u5e94\u4e3a5\u5398\u7c73\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u88c5\u914d\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u6000\u7591\u6240\u8d2d\u4e70\u96f6\u4ef6\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u5411\u5916\u90e8\u516c\u53f8\u7d22\u53d6 10,000 \u4ef6\u6837\u54c1\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e00\u5757\uff0c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a 5.25 \u5398\u7c73\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a5\u53d7\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u4ed6\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4ed6\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fdb\u884c\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u5907\u62e9\u5047\u8bbe\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6b488765bc2ec494d01217b548fd303f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\begin{cases}H_0: \\mu=5,00 \\text{ cm} \\\\[2ex]H_1: \\mu\\neq 5,00 \\text{ cm}\\end{cases}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"148\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91c7\u53d65%\u7684\u663e\u7740\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-76d20f2945704d6640a4b9986b8b7c16_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\alpha=0,05\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"17\" width=\"69\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u968f\u673a\u53d6\u7684\u503c (5.25 cm) \u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u5e73\u5747\u503c (5.00 cm) \u504f\u5dee 0.25 cm\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b64\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684 p \u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u503c\u504f\u5dee 0.25 \u5398\u7c73\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u5bf910,000\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6837\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6709183\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5c0f\u4e8e4.75\u5398\u7c73\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c209\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5927\u4e8e5.25\u5398\u7c73\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a 4.75 \u5398\u7c73\u6216\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4ef6\u6570\uff1a183<br \/>\u5c3a\u5bf8 5.25 \u5398\u7c73\u6216\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4ef6\u6570\uff1a209<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684 p \u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u4e3a 0.25 \u5398\u7c73\u6216\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u786c\u5e01\u9664\u4ee5\u6837\u672c\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-509bc4666fdaecfad9c4a49c4f96b857_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"p=\\cfrac{183+209}{10000}=0,0392\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"38\" width=\"186\" style=\"vertical-align: -12px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684 p \u503c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4e4b\u524d\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u663e\u7740\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-bfc05d72c8bc2285fe4de3ee8967e0aa_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"p< \\alpha \\ \\color{orange}\\bm{\\longrightarrow}\\color{black} \\ \\text{Se rechaza } H_0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"289\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u96f6\u4ef6\u5e73\u5747\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6700\u521d\u5546\u5b9a\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u5982\u60a8\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684 p \u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u53c2\u8003\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u66f4\u591a p \u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u6211\u4eec\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"conclusiones-del-valor-p\"><\/span> p \u503c\u7ed3\u8bba<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u6458\u8981\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\u60a8\u7559\u4e0b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<ul style=\"color:#FF8A05; font-weight: bold;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:22px\"> <span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">p\u503c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u771f\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5047\u8bbe\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97p\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u62d2\u7edd\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:22px\"> <span style=\"color:#101010;font-weight: normal;\">p \u503c\u7528\u4e8e\u62d2\u7edd\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u5982\u679c p 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