{"id":469,"date":"2023-07-29T19:40:31","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T19:40:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/cn\/%e5%9c%a8-r-%e4%b8%ad%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8-lapply-sapply-%e5%92%8c-tapply-%e7%9a%84%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97\/"},"modified":"2023-07-29T19:40:31","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T19:40:31","slug":"%e5%9c%a8-r-%e4%b8%ad%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8-lapply-sapply-%e5%92%8c-tapply-%e7%9a%84%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/cn\/%e5%9c%a8-r-%e4%b8%ad%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8-lapply-sapply-%e5%92%8c-tapply-%e7%9a%84%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97\/","title":{"rendered":"R \u4e2d apply()\u3001lapply()\u3001sapply() \u548c tapply() \u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5185\u7f6e R \u51fd\u6570apply()<\/strong> \u3001 sapply()<\/strong> \u3001 lapply()<\/strong>\u548ctapply()<\/strong>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f55\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7533\u8bf7\uff08\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u5f53\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u77e9\u9635\u6216\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u884c\u6216\u5217\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528apply()<\/strong>\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

apply() \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5e94\u7528\uff08X\u3001\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u3001\u4e50\u8da3\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • X \u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u540d\u79f0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • MARGIN \u6307\u793a\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff081 = \u884c\uff0c2 = \u5217\uff09<\/span><\/li>\n
  • FUN \u662f\u60a8\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u3001\u6700\u5927\u503c\u3001\u603b\u548c\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7b49\uff09<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86apply()<\/strong>\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     #create a data frame with three columns and five rows<\/span>\ndata <- data.frame(a = c(1, 3, 7, 12, 9),\n                   b = c(4, 4, 6, 7, 8),\n                   c = c(14, 15, 11, 10, 6))\ndata\n\n#abc\n#1 1 4 14\n#2 3 4 15\n#3 7 6 11\n#4 12 7 10\n#5 9 8 6\n\n#find the sum of each row<\/span>\napply(data, 1, sum)\n\n#[1] 19 22 24 29 23\n\n#find the sum of each column<\/span>\napply(data, 2, sum)\n\n#abc\n#32 29 56 \n\n#find the mean of each row<\/span>\napply(data, 1, mean)\n\n#[1] 6.333333 7.333333 8.000000 9.666667 7.666667\n\n#find the mean of each column, rounded to one decimal place<\/span>\nround(apply(data, 2, mean), 1)\n\n#abc\n#6.4 5.8 11.2 \n\n#find the standard deviation of each row<\/span>\napply(data, 1, sd)\n\n#[1] 6.806859 6.658328 2.645751 2.516611 1.527525\n\n#find the standard deviation of each column<\/span>\napply(data, 2, sd)\n\n#abc\n#4.449719 1.788854 3.563706 \n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
    \u7533\u8bf7\uff08\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
    \u5f53\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5411\u91cf\u6216\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528lapply()<\/strong>\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
     lapply() \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n
    \u7533\u8bf7\uff08X\uff0c\u6709\u8da3\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
      \n
    •  X \u662f\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5411\u91cf\u6216\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u540d\u79f0<\/span><\/li>\n
    • FUN \u662f\u60a8\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528lapply()<\/strong>\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
       #create a data frame with three columns and five rows\n<\/span>data <- data.frame(a = c(1, 3, 7, 12, 9),\n                   b = c(4, 4, 6, 7, 8),\n                   c = c(14, 15, 11, 10, 6))\ndata\n\n#abc\n#1 1 4 14\n#2 3 4 15\n#3 7 6 11\n#4 12 7 10\n#5 9 8 6\n\n#find mean of each column and return results as a list<\/span>\napply(data, mean)\n\n#$a\n# [1] 6.4\n#\n# $b\n# [1] 5.8\n#\n# $c\n# [1] 11.2\n\n#multiply values in each column by 2 and return results as a list<\/span>\nlapply(data, function(data) data*2)\n\n#$a\n# [1] 2 6 14 24 18\n#\n# $b\n# [1] 8 8 12 14 16\n#\n# $c\n# [1] 28 30 22 20 12\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
      \u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528lapply()<\/strong>\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
       #create a list\n<\/span>x <- list(a=1, b=1:5, c=1:10) \nx\n\n#$a\n# [1] 1\n#\n# $b\n# [1] 1 2 3 4 5\n#\n# $c\n# [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10\n\n#find the sum of each element in the list<\/span>\nlapply(x, sum)\n\n#$a\n# [1] 1\n#\n# $b\n# [1] 15\n#\n# $c\n#[1]55\n\n#find the mean of each element in the list<\/span>\nlapply(x, mean)\n\n#$a\n# [1] 1\n#\n# $b\n# [1] 3\n#\n# $c\n# [1] 5.5\n\n#multiply values of each element by 5 and return results as a list<\/span>\nlapply(x, function(x) x*5)\n\n#$a\n# [1] 5\n#\n# $b\n# [1] 5 10 15 20 25\n#\n# $c\n# [1] 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
      \u7533\u8bf7\uff08\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
      \u5f53\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5411\u91cf\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u5411\u91cf<\/strong>\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5217\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528sapply()<\/strong>\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
       sapply() \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n
      \u7533\u8bf7\uff08X\uff0c\u6709\u8da3\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
        \n
      •  X \u662f\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5411\u91cf\u6216\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u540d\u79f0<\/span><\/li>\n
      • FUN \u662f\u60a8\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528sapply()<\/strong>\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
         #create a data frame with three columns and five rows\n<\/span>data <- data.frame(a = c(1, 3, 7, 12, 9),\n                   b = c(4, 4, 6, 7, 8),\n                   c = c(14, 15, 11, 10, 6))\ndata\n\n#abc\n#1 1 4 14\n#2 3 4 15\n#3 7 6 11\n#4 12 7 10\n#5 9 8 6\n\n#find mean of each column and return results as a vector\n<\/span>sapply(data, mean)\n\n#abc\n#6.4 5.8 11.2 \n\n#multiply values in each column by 2 and return results as a matrix\n<\/span>sapply(data, function(data) data*2)\n\n#abc\n#[1,] 2 8 28\n#[2,] 6 8 30\n#[3,] 14 12 22\n#[4,] 24 14 20\n#[5,] 18 16 12<\/strong><\/pre>\n
        \u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528sapply()<\/strong>\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
         #create a list\n<\/span>x <- list(a=1, b=1:5, c=1:10) \nx\n\n#$a\n# [1] 1\n#\n# $b\n# [1] 1 2 3 4 5\n#\n# $c\n# [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10\n\n#find the sum of each element in the list<\/span>\nsapply(x, sum)\n\n#abc\n#1 15 55 \n\n#find the mean of each element in the list<\/span>\nsapply(x, mean)\n\n#abc\n#1.0 3.0 5.5\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
        \u8f7b\u6572\uff08\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
        \u5f53\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u5e76\u4e14\u5b50\u96c6\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u56e0\u5b50\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528tapply()<\/strong>\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
         tapply() \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n
        \u70b9\u51fb\uff08X\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4e50\u8da3\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
          \n
        •  X\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5411\u91cf<\/span><\/li>\n
        • INDEX \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5217\u8868<\/span><\/li>\n
        • FUN \u662f\u60a8\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5728 iris \u5d4c\u5165\u7684 R \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528tapply()<\/strong>\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
           #view first six lines of iris<\/em> dataset<\/span>\nhead(iris)\n\n# Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species\n#1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa\n#2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa\n#3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa\n#4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa\n#5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa\n#6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa\n\n#find the max Sepal.Length of each of the three Species<\/span>\ntapply(iris$Sepal.Length, iris$Species, max)\n\n#setosa versicolor virginica \n#5.8 7.0 7.9 \n\n#find the mean Sepal.Width of each of the three Species\n<\/span>tapply(iris$Sepal.Width, iris$Species, mean)\n\n# setosa versicolor virginica \n# 3,428 2,770 2,974\n\n#find the minimum Petal.Width of each of the three Species\n<\/span>tapply(iris$Petal.Width, iris$Species, min)\n\n# setosa versicolor virginica \n#0.1 1.0 1.4 \n<\/strong><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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