{"id":487,"date":"2023-07-29T18:10:23","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T18:10:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/cn\/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%a7%84%e8%8c%83%e5%8c%96r%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae\/"},"modified":"2023-07-29T18:10:23","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T18:10:23","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%a7%84%e8%8c%83%e5%8c%96r%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/cn\/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%a7%84%e8%8c%83%e5%8c%96r%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5728 r \u4e2d\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u6570\u636e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u8c08\u8bba\u201c\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u201d\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7f29\u653e\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u4e3a 1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5f53\u60a8\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u65f6\uff08\u5373\uff0c\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u591a\u4e2a\u9884\u6d4b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\u5e76\u4e14\u5e0c\u671b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5206\u6790\u6709\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5f53\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6d4b\u91cf\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0 \u5230 100,000\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0 \u5230 100\uff0c\u5219\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5c06\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8861\u91cf\u5de5\u8d44\uff080 \u5230 100,000 \u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u7b49\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8861\u91cf\u5e74\u9f84\uff080 \u5230 100 \u5c81\uff09\u7b49\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff08\u6216\u201c\u7f29\u653e\u201d\uff09\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u6700\u5c0f-\u6700\u5927\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\uff1a<\/strong> (X \u2013 min(X)) \/ (max(X) \u2013 min(X))<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Z \u5206\u6570\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff1a<\/span><\/strong> (X \u2013 \u03bc) \/ \u03c3<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5728 R \u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5982\u4f55\u5728 R \u4e2d\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff08\u6216\u201c\u7f29\u653e\u201d\uff09\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684 R \u6570\u636e\u96c6<strong>iris<\/strong>\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u5728 R \u4e2d\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u6216\u7f29\u653e\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>#view first six rows of <em>iris<\/em> dataset\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">head(iris)\n\n# Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species\n#1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa\n#2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa\n#3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa\n#4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa\n#5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa\n#6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u6700\u5c0f-\u6700\u5927\u5f52\u4e00\u5316<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u6700\u5c0f-\u6700\u5927\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">(X \u2013 \u6700\u5c0f\u503c(X))\/(\u6700\u5927\u503c(X) \u2013 \u6700\u5c0f\u503c(X))<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u627e\u5230\u8be5\u503c\u4e0e\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9664\u4ee5\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728 R \u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528<a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/cn\/\u5728-r-\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528-lapply-sapply-\u548c-tapply-\u7684\u6307\u5357\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">laply<\/a>\u5c06\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7684<strong>iris<\/strong>\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define Min-Max normalization function<\/span>\nmin_max_norm &lt;- <span style=\"color: #800080;\">function<\/span> (x) {\n    (x - min(x)) \/ (max(x) - min(x))\n  }\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#apply Min-Max normalization to first four columns in <em>iris<\/em> dataset\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">iris_norm &lt;- as.data.frame(lapply(iris[1:4], min_max_norm))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first six rows of normalized <em>iris<\/em> dataset<\/span>\nhead(iris_norm)\n\n# Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width\n#1 0.22222222 0.6250000 0.06779661 0.04166667\n#2 0.16666667 0.4166667 0.06779661 0.04166667\n#3 0.11111111 0.5000000 0.05084746 0.04166667\n#4 0.08333333 0.4583333 0.08474576 0.04166667\n#5 0.19444444 0.6666667 0.06779661 0.04166667\n#6 0.30555556 0.7916667 0.11864407 0.12500000\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u503c\u90fd\u5728 0 \u548c 1 \u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u53e6\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u5217\u201c\u7269\u79cd\u201d\u5df2\u4ece\u6b64\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u8f7b\u677e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b83\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#add back <em>Species<\/em> column<\/span>\niris_norm$Species &lt;- iris$Species\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first six rows of <em>iris_norm\n<\/em><\/span>head(iris_norm)\n\n# Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species\n#1 0.22222222 0.6250000 0.06779661 0.04166667 setosa\n#2 0.16666667 0.4166667 0.06779661 0.04166667 setosa\n#3 0.11111111 0.5000000 0.05084746 0.04166667 setosa\n#4 0.08333333 0.4583333 0.08474576 0.04166667 setosa\n#5 0.19444444 0.6666667 0.06779661 0.04166667 setosa\n#6 0.30555556 0.7916667 0.11864407 0.12500000 setosa\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Z \u5206\u6570\u6807\u51c6\u5316<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u6700\u5c0f-\u6700\u5927\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5b83\u4f7f\u6570\u636e\u503c\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u786e\u4fdd\u79bb\u7fa4\u503c\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u503c\uff0c\u5219 z \u5206\u6570\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">z \u5206\u6570\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">(X \u2013 \u03bc) \/ \u03c3<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u51cf\u53bb\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9664\u4ee5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728 R \u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1.\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<strong>\u9e22\u5c3e\u82b1<\/strong>\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684 Sepal.Width\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#standardize<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008080;\"><em>Sepal.Width\n<\/em><\/span>iris$Sepal.Width &lt;- (iris$Sepal.Width - mean(iris$Sepal.Width)) \/ sd(iris$Sepal.Width)\n\nhead(iris)\n\n# Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species\n#1 5.1 1.01560199 1.4 0.2 setosa\n#2 4.9 -0.13153881 1.4 0.2 setosa\n#3 4.7 0.32731751 1.3 0.2 setosa\n#4 4.6 0.09788935 1.5 0.2 setosa\n#5 5.0 1.24503015 1.4 0.2 setosa\n#6 5.4 1.93331463 1.7 0.4 setosa\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Sepal.Width<\/em>\u503c\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7f29\u653e\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u4e3a 1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find mean of <em>Sepal.Width\n<\/em><\/span>mean(iris$Sepal.Width)\n\n#[1] 2.034094e-16 <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#basically zero<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find standard deviation of <em>Sepal.Width\n<\/em><\/span>sd(iris$Sepal.Width)\n\n#[1] 1<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2.\u4f7f\u7528\u5c3a\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u8981\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4f7f\u7528<em>\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/em>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u663e\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u7f29\u653e<strong>iris<\/strong>\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u524d\u56db\u5217\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#standardize first four columns of <em>iris<\/em> dataset<\/span>\niris_standardize &lt;- as.data.frame(scale(iris[1:4]))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first six rows of standardized dataset<\/span>\n<\/strong><\/span><strong>head(iris_standardize)\n\n# Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width\n#1 -0.8976739 1.01560199 -1.335752 -1.311052\n#2 -1.1392005 -0.13153881 -1.335752 -1.311052\n#3 -1.3807271 0.32731751 -1.392399 -1.311052\n#4 -1.5014904 0.09788935 -1.279104 -1.311052\n#5 -1.0184372 1.24503015 -1.335752 -1.311052\n#6 -0.5353840 1.93331463 -1.165809 -1.048667\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c<em>\u7f29\u653e<\/em>\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528<strong>scale(iris)\uff0c<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a<em>Species<\/em>\u5217\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u4e14\u65e0\u6cd5\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>scale(iris)\n\n#Error in colMeans(x, na.rm = TRUE): 'x' must be numeric\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<strong>dplyr<\/strong>\u5305\u4ec5\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u4e86<em>Sepal.Width<\/em>\u548c<em>Sepal.Length<\/em>\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#load <em>dplyr<\/em> package<\/span>\nlibrary(dplyr)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#standardize <em>Sepal.Width<\/em> and <em>Sepal.Length<\/em>\n<\/span>iris_new &lt;- iris %&gt;% mutate_each_(list(~scale(.) %&gt;% as.vector),\n                                  vars = c(\"Sepal.Width\",\"Sepal.Length\"))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first six rows of new data frame\n<\/span>head(iris_new)\n\n# Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species\n#1 -0.8976739 1.01560199 1.4 0.2 setosa\n#2 -1.1392005 -0.13153881 1.4 0.2 setosa\n#3 -1.3807271 0.32731751 1.3 0.2 setosa\n#4 -1.5014904 0.09788935 1.5 0.2 setosa\n#5 -1.0184372 1.24503015 1.4 0.2 setosa\n#6 -0.5353840 1.93331463 1.7 0.4 setosa\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c <em>Sepal.Length<\/em>\u548c<em>Sepal.Width<\/em>\u5df2\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u5747\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u4e3a 1\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u8c08\u8bba\u201c\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u201d\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7f29\u653e\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u6807\u51c6 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-11"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u5982\u4f55\u5728 R 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