{"id":494,"date":"2023-07-29T17:26:06","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T17:26:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/hi\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%9b%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8\/"},"modified":"2023-07-29T17:26:06","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T17:26:06","slug":"%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%9b%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/hi\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%9b%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094c\u092e\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: 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\u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u092a\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0930 (\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0939\u094b) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0906\u092a \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938 \u091a\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915-\u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, &#8220;\u091c\u0940\u092a\u0940\u090f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u090f\u0915-\u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 12.5% \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f)\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0906\u092a \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0927\u0942\u092a \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0925\u0932\u0949\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e) (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e) \u092c\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0925\u0932\u0949\u0928)\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0902:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e 1:<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0948\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 0 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 0, 1, 2, 14, 34, 49, 200, \u0906\u0926\u093f) \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e 2: \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong> \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0938\u0947\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/hi\/\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940-\u092e\u0947\u0902-\u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928<\/a> \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e 3: \u0916\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a, \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0932\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e 4: \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0938 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 <strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u0907\u0938 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u092e \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0906\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u092c \u0939\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0909\u0902\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u092c\u0949\u0932 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 (&#8220;\u090f&#8221;, &#8220;\u092c\u0940&#8221; \u092f\u093e &#8220;\u0938\u0940&#8221;) \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (0 \u0938\u0947 100 \u0924\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0917\u0908)\u0964 ).<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0935\u0939 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0938\u0947\u091f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u092e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 100 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u092c\u0949\u0932 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#make this example reproducible\n<\/span>set.seed(1)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create dataset\n<\/span>data &lt;- data.frame(offers = c(rep(0, 50), rep(1, 30), rep(2, 10), rep(3, 7), rep(4, 3)),\n                   division = sample(c(\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"), 100, replace = TRUE),\n                   exam = c(runif(50, 60, 80), runif(30, 65, 95), runif(20, 75, 95)))<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0938\u0947\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, \u0939\u092e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0938\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0941\u0905\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dplyr.tidyverse.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dplyr<\/a><\/strong> \u0932\u093e\u0907\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view dimensions of dataset<\/span>\ndim(data)\n\n#[1] 100 3\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first six lines of dataset<\/span>\nhead(data)\n\n# offers division exam\n#1 0 A 73.09448\n#2 0 B 67.06395\n#3 0 B 65.40520\n#4 0 C 79.85368\n#5 0 A 72.66987\n#6 0 C 64.26416\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view summary of each variable in dataset<\/span>\nsummary(data)\n\n# offers division exam      \n# Min. :0.00 To:27 Min. :60.26  \n# 1st Qu.:0.00 B:38 1st Qu.:69.86  \n# Median: 0.50 C:35 Median: 75.08  \n# Mean:0.83 Mean:76.43  \n# 3rd Qu.:1.00 3rd Qu.:82.87  \n# Max. :4.00 Max. :93.87  \n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view mean exam score by number of offers<\/span>\nlibrary(dplyr)\ndata %&gt;%\n  <span style=\"color: #800080;\">group_by<\/span> (offers) %&gt;%\n  <span style=\"color: #800080;\">summarize<\/span> (mean_exam = mean(exam))\n\n# A tibble: 5 x 2\n# offers mean_exam\n#        \n#1 0 70.0\n#2 1 80.8\n#3 2 86.8\n#4 3 83.9\n#5 4 87.9<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947, \u0939\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0938\u0947\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 100 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 3 \u0915\u0949\u0932\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0915 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0925\u0940, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u0938\u0924 0.83 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0938\u0947\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902, &#8220;\u090f&#8221; \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 27 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940, &#8220;\u092c\u0940&#8221; \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 38 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 &#8220;\u0938\u0940&#8221; \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 35 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0930 60.26 \u0925\u093e, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0930 93.87 \u0925\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u0938\u0924 76.43 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930, \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0930 70.0 \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b 4 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0930 87.9 \u0925\u093e)\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0939\u092e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#load <em>ggplot2<\/em> package<\/span>\nlibrary(ggplot2)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create histogram\n<\/span>ggplot(data, aes(offers, fill = division)) +\n  geom_histogram(binwidth=.5, position=\"dodge\")<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0939\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0928 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/hi\/\u092e\u091b\u0932\u0940-\u0915\u093e-\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e<\/a> \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0939\u092e <strong>glm()<\/strong> \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 = &#8220;\u092e\u091b\u0932\u0940&#8221;<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#fit the model\n<\/span>model &lt;- glm(offers ~ division + exam, <span style=\"color: #800080;\">family = \"fish\"<\/span> , data = data)\n\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">#view model output\n<\/span>summary(model)\n\n#Call:\n#glm(formula = offers ~ division + exam, family = \"fish\", data = data)\n#\n#Deviance Residuals: \n# Min 1Q Median 3Q Max  \n#-1.2562 -0.8467 -0.5657 0.3846 2.5033  \n#\n#Coefficients:\n#Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(&gt;|z|)    \n#(Intercept) -7.90602 1.13597 -6.960 3.41e-12 ***\n#divisionB 0.17566 0.27257 0.644 0.519    \n#divisionC -0.05251 0.27819 -0.189 0.850    \n#exam 0.09548 0.01322 7.221 5.15e-13 ***\n#---\n#Significant. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1\n#\n#(Dispersion parameter for fish family taken to be 1)\n#\n# Null deviance: 138,069 on 99 degrees of freedom\n#Residual deviance: 79,247 on 96 degrees of freedom\n#AIC: 204.12\n#\n#Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 5\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f, \u091c\u0947\u0921-\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0940-\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/em> \u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915 <strong>0.09548<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f <em>\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/em> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915-\u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e <strong>0.09548<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0918\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 <strong>e <sup>0.09548<\/sup><\/strong> = <strong>1.10<\/strong> \u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 10% \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>\u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092c\u0940<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915 <strong>0.1756<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092c\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u090f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>0.1756<\/strong> \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0918\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 <strong>\u0908 <sup>0.1756<\/sup><\/strong> = <strong>1.19<\/strong> . \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u090f \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 19% \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0911\u092b\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 (\u092a\u0940 = 0.519)\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>\u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0940<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915 <strong>-0.05251<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0911\u092b\u093c\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u090f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>0.05251<\/strong> <i>\u0915\u092e<\/i> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0918\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 , \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 <strong>\u0908 <sup>0.05251<\/sup><\/strong> = <strong>0.94<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u090f \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 6% \u0915\u092e \u0911\u092b\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 (\u092a\u0940 = 850)\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <em>\u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928<\/em> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 <strong>96<\/strong> \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 <strong>79,247<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0928\u0902\u092c\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u0939\u092e \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0940-\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0921\u0928\u0947\u0938-\u0911\u092b-\u092b\u093f\u091f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u093f\u091f \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>pchisq(79.24679, 96, lower.tail = FALSE)\n\n#[1] 0.8922676\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0940-\u0935\u0948\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942 <strong>0.89<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b 0.05 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u092e \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0939\u0926 \u0924\u0915 \u092b\u093f\u091f \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0939\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find predicted number of offers using the fitted Poisson regression model\n<\/span>data$phat &lt;- predict(model, type=\"response\")\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create plot that shows number of offers based on division and exam score\n<\/span>ggplot(data, aes(x = exam, y = phat, color = division)) +\n  geom_point(aes(y = offers), alpha = .7, position = position_jitter(h = .2)) +\n  geom_line() +\n  labs(x = \"Entrance Exam Score\", y = \"Expected number of scholarship offers\")<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924, \u0939\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092c\u0940 (\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e) \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u090f \u092f\u093e \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0911\u092b\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u092c\u0949\u0932 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e 10% \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 ( <em>\u092a\u0940 &lt;0.0001)<\/em> \u0964 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/hi\/\u0930\u0948\u0916\u093f\u0915-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/hi\/\u090f\u0915\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915-\u0930\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u090f\u0915\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/hi\/\u092c\u0939\u0941\u092a\u0926-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u092c\u0939\u0941\u092a\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u0930 &#8220;\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e&#8221; \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094c\u092e\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f - \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u092f\u0939 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094c\u092e\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u0923-\u0926\u0930-\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/hi\/\u092e\u091b\u0932\u0940-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094c\u092e\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f - \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u092f\u0939 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0938\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094c\u092e\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u0923-\u0926\u0930-\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/hi\/\u092e\u091b\u0932\u0940-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-29T17:26:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u0921\u0949. \u092c\u0947\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0928 \u090f\u0902\u0921\u0930\u0938\u0928\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u0921\u0949. \u092c\u0947\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0928 \u090f\u0902\u0921\u0930\u0938\u0928\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f\" \/>\n<script 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