{"id":1238,"date":"2023-07-27T04:23:20","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T04:23:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ko\/r%e1%84%8b%e1%85%b4-%e1%84%8c%e1%85%ae%e1%84%89%e1%85%a5%e1%86%bc%e1%84%87%e1%85%ae%e1%86%ab-%e1%84%87%e1%85%ae%e1%86%ab%e1%84%89%e1%85%a5%e1%86%a8\/"},"modified":"2023-07-27T04:23:20","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T04:23:20","slug":"r%e1%84%8b%e1%85%b4-%e1%84%8c%e1%85%ae%e1%84%89%e1%85%a5%e1%86%bc%e1%84%87%e1%85%ae%e1%86%ab-%e1%84%87%e1%85%ae%e1%86%ab%e1%84%89%e1%85%a5%e1%86%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ko\/r%e1%84%8b%e1%85%b4-%e1%84%8c%e1%85%ae%e1%84%89%e1%85%a5%e1%86%bc%e1%84%87%e1%85%ae%e1%86%ab-%e1%84%87%e1%85%ae%e1%86%ab%e1%84%89%e1%85%a5%e1%86%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"R\uc758 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84 \ubd84\uc11d: \ub2e8\uacc4\ubcc4 \uc608"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud754\ud788 PCA\ub85c \ucd95\uc57d\ub418\ub294 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84 \ubd84\uc11d\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\uc758 \ubcc0\ub3d9 \uc911 \ud070 \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84(\uc6d0\ub798 \uc608\uce21 \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \uc120\ud615 \uc870\ud569)\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ko\/\u110c\u1175\u1103\u1169-\u1112\u1161\u11a8\u1109\u1173\u11b8\u1100\u116a-\u1107\u1175\u110c\u1175\u1103\u1169-\u1112\u1161\u11a8\u1109\u1173\u11b8\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\ube44\uc9c0\ub3c4<\/a> \uae30\uacc4 \ud559\uc2b5 \uae30\uc220\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">PCA\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub294 \uc6d0\ub798 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc801\uc740 \uc218\uc758 \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\uc758 \ubcc0\ub3d9\uc131 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>p<\/em> \ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \ud2b9\uc815 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uac01 \uc30d\ubcc4 \ubcc0\uc218 \uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc0b0\uc810\ub3c4\ub97c \uac80\uc0ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc0b0\uc810\ub3c4 \uc218\uac00 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ube68\ub9ac \ucee4\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>p\uac1c\uc758<\/em> \uc608\uce21 \ubcc0\uc218\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 p(p-1)\/2\uac1c\uc758 \uc810 \uad6c\ub984\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub530\ub77c\uc11c p = 15\uac1c\uc758 \uc608\uce21 \ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 105\uac1c\uc758 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0b0\uc810\ub3c4\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4!<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub2e4\ud589\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c\ub3c4 PCA\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \ubcc0\ub3d9\uc744 \ucd5c\ub300\ud55c \ub9ce\uc774 \ud3ec\ucc29\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\uc758 \uc800\ucc28\uc6d0 \ud45c\ud604\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub2e8 2\ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \ubcc0\ub3d9\uc744 \ud3ec\ucc29\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad00\uce21\uce58\ub97c \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c \uc0b0\uc810\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ud22c\uc601\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uc8fc\uc694 \uad6c\uc131 \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \ucc3e\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>p\uac1c\uc758<\/em> <sub>\uc608\uce21 \ubcc0\uc218\uac00<\/sub> <sub>\uc788\ub294<\/sub> <sub>\ub370\uc774\ud130<\/sub> <sub>\uc138\ud2b8<\/sub> <sub>\uac00 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74<\/sub> <em>:<\/em> <em>_<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><sub>Zm<\/sub> <sub>=<\/sub> <sub>\u03a3\u03a6<\/sub> <sub>jm<\/sub> <sub>_<\/sub> <sub>_<\/sub><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Z <sub>1<\/sub> \uc740 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ud55c \ub9ce\uc740 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 \ud3ec\ucc29\ud558\ub294 \uc608\uce21 \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \uc120\ud615 \uc870\ud569\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Z <sub>2<\/sub> \ub294 Z <sub>1<\/sub> \uacfc <em>\uc9c1\uad50<\/em> (\uc0c1\uad00 \uad00\uacc4 \uc5c6\uc74c)\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 \ud3ec\ucc29\ud558\ub294 \uc608\uce21 \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \ub2e4\uc74c \uc120\ud615 \uc870\ud569\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uadf8\ub7ec\uba74 Z <sub>3<\/sub> \uc740 Z <sub>2<\/sub> \uc640 \uc9c1\uad50\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 \ud3ec\ucc29\ud558\ub294 \uc608\uce21 \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \ub2e4\uc74c \uc120\ud615 \uc870\ud569\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub4f1\ub4f1.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub2e8\uacc4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\ub798 \uc608\uce21 \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \uc120\ud615 \uc870\ud569\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1.<\/strong> \ud3c9\uade0\uc774 0\uc774\uace0 \ud45c\uc900\ud3b8\ucc28\uac00 1\uc774 \ub418\ub3c4\ub85d \uac01 \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \ud06c\uae30\ub97c \uc870\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2.<\/strong> \ucc99\ub3c4\ud654\ub41c \ubcc0\uc218\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacf5\ubd84\uc0b0 \ud589\ub82c\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3.<\/strong> \uacf5\ubd84\uc0b0 \ud589\ub82c\uc758 \uace0\uc720\uac12\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uc120\ud615 \ub300\uc218\ud559\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \uace0\uc720\uac12\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc720\ubca1\ud130\uac00 \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\uc784\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc904 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \uc774 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc608\uce21 \ubcc0\uc218 \uc870\ud569\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ubcc0\ub3d9\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8\ub85c \ud070 \uace0\uc720\uac12\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc720\ubca1\ud130\ub294 \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uc774 \ud29c\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc5bc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 R\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2e8\uacc4\ubcc4 \uc608\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1\ub2e8\uacc4: \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ub85c\ub4dc<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uba3c\uc800 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc2dc\uac01\ud654 \ubc0f \uc870\uc791\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c <strong>Tidyverse<\/strong> \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub97c \ub85c\ub4dc\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> (tidyverse)\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uc774 \uc608\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 R\uc5d0 \ub0b4\uc7a5\ub41c <em>USArrests<\/em> \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc138\ud2b8\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc138\ud2b8\uc5d0\ub294 1973\ub144 <em>\uc0b4\uc778<\/em> , <em>\ud3ed\ud589<\/em> , <em>\uac15\uac04 \ud610\uc758<\/em> \ub85c \ubbf8\uad6d \uac01 \uc8fc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc8fc\ubbfc 100,000\uba85\ub2f9 \uccb4\ud3ec\ub41c \ud69f\uc218\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub610\ud55c \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uac70\uc8fc\ud558\ub294 \uac01 \uc8fc\uc758 \uc778\uad6c \ube44\uc728 <em>(UrbanPop)<\/em> \ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub2e4\uc74c \ucf54\ub4dc\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\uc758 \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \ud589\uc744 \ub85c\ub4dc\ud558\uace0 \ud45c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#load data<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">data<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">(\"USArrests\")<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first six rows of data<\/span>\nhead(USArrests)\n\n           Murder Assault UrbanPop Rape\nAlabama 13.2 236 58 21.2\nAlaska 10.0 263 48 44.5\nArizona 8.1 294 80 31.0\nArkansas 8.8 190 50 19.5\nCalifornia 9.0 276 91 40.6\nColorado 7.9 204 78 38.7\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <strong>2\ub2e8\uacc4: \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84 \uacc4\uc0b0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub85c\ub4dc\ud55c \ud6c4 R\uc758 \ub0b4\uc7a5 \ud568\uc218 <strong>prcomp()\ub97c<\/strong> \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \uad6c\uc131 \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc138\ud2b8\uc758 \uac01 \ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \ud3c9\uade0 0, \ud45c\uc900\ud3b8\ucc28 1\uc744 \uac16\ub3c4\ub85d <strong>\ucc99\ub3c4 = TRUE<\/strong> \ub85c \uc9c0\uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub610\ud55c R\uc758 \uace0\uc720\ubca1\ud130\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc74c\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ubbc0\ub85c \ubd80\ud638\ub97c \ubc18\uc804\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 -1\uc744 \uacf1\ud560 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate main components\n<\/span>results &lt;- prcomp(USArrests, scale = <span style=\"color: #008000;\">TRUE<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#reverse the signs\n<\/span>results$rotation &lt;- -1*results$rotation\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#display main components\n<\/span>results$rotation\n\n               PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4\nMurder 0.5358995 -0.4181809 0.3412327 -0.64922780\nAssault 0.5831836 -0.1879856 0.2681484 0.74340748\nUrbanPop 0.2781909 0.8728062 0.3780158 -0.13387773\nRape 0.5434321 0.1673186 -0.8177779 -0.08902432<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84(PC1)\uc774 \uc0b4\uc778, \ud3ed\ud589, \uac15\uac04\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub192\uc740 \uac12\uc744 \uac16\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uc774 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\uc774 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ubcc0\ub3d9\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub610\ud55c \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84(PC2)\uc774 UrbanPop\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub192\uc740 \uac12\uc744 \uac16\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uc774 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\uc774 \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc778\uad6c\ub97c \uac15\uc870\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uac01 \uc8fc\uc758 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84 \uc810\uc218\ub294 <strong>results$x<\/strong> \uc5d0 \uc800\uc7a5\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \ubd80\ud638\ub97c \ubc18\uc804\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc774 \uc810\uc218\uc5d0 -1\uc744 \uacf1\ud560 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#reverse the signs of the scores\n<\/span>results$x &lt;- -1*results$x\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#display the first six scores\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">head(results$x)<\/span>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\n                  PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4\nAlabama 0.9756604 -1.1220012 0.43980366 -0.154696581\nAlaska 1.9305379 -1.0624269 -2.01950027 0.434175454\nArizona 1.7454429 0.7384595 -0.05423025 0.826264240\nArkansas -0.1399989 -1.1085423 -0.11342217 0.180973554\nCalifornia 2.4986128 1.5274267 -0.59254100 0.338559240\nColorado 1.4993407 0.9776297 -1.08400162 -0.001450164\n<\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <strong>3\ub2e8\uacc4: Biplot\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\uacfc \uc2dc\uac01\ud654<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub2e4\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc138\ud2b8\uc758 \uac01 \uad00\uce21\uce58\ub97c \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8\uc640 \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\uc744 \ucd95\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc0b0\uc810\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ud22c\uc601\ud558\ub294 \ub3c4\ud45c\uc778 <strong>Biplot\uc744<\/strong> \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>scale = 0<\/strong> \uc774\uba74 \ud50c\ub86f\uc758 \ud654\uc0b4\ud45c\uac00 \ud558\uc911\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub3c4\ub85d \ud06c\uae30\uac00 \uc870\uc815\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>biplot(results, scale = <span style=\"color: #008000;\">0<\/span> )\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12281 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pca1.png\" alt=\"R\uc758 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84 \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \uc704\ud55c Biplot\" width=\"465\" height=\"464\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud50c\ub86f\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c 2\ucc28\uc6d0 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0 \ud45c\ud604\ub41c 50\uac1c \uc0c1\ud0dc \uac01\uac01\uc744 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11c\ub85c \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub294 \uc6d0\ub798 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc138\ud2b8\uc758 \ubcc0\uc218\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud328\ud134\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub610\ud55c \uc77c\ubd80 \uc8fc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc8fc\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud2b9\uc815 \ubc94\uc8c4\uc640 \ub354 \ubc00\uc811\ud558\uac8c \uc5f0\uad00\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc870\uc9c0\uc544\ub294 \ud50c\ub86f\uc5d0\uc11c <em>\uc0b4\uc778<\/em> \ubcc0\uc218\uc5d0 \uac00\uc7a5 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \uc8fc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uc6d0\ub798 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc138\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4\uc778\uc728\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub192\uc740 \uc8fc\ub97c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uba74 \uc870\uc9c0\uc544\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ubaa9\ub85d\uc758 1\uc704\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#display states with highest murder rates in original dataset<\/span>\nhead(USArrests[ <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">order<\/span> (-USArrests$Murder),])\n\n               Murder Assault UrbanPop Rape\nGeorgia 17.4 211 60 25.8\nMississippi 16.1 259 44 17.1\nFlorida 15.4 335 80 31.9\nLouisiana 15.4 249 66 22.2\nSouth Carolina 14.4 279 48 22.5\nAlabama 13.2 236 58 21.2<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>4\ub2e8\uacc4: \uac01 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\uc774 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \ubd84\uc0b0 \ucc3e\uae30<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub2e4\uc74c \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uac01 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ub418\ub294 \uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\uc758 \ucd1d \ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate total variance explained by each principal component\n<\/span>results$sdev^2 \/ <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">sum<\/span> (results$sdev^2)\n\n[1] 0.62006039 0.24744129 0.08914080 0.04335752\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uacb0\uacfc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc744 \uad00\ucc30\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc138\ud2b8 \uc804\uccb4 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc758 <strong>62%<\/strong> \ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc758 <strong>24.7%<\/strong> \ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uc138 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc138\ud2b8 \uc804\uccb4 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc758 <strong>8.9%<\/strong> \ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub124 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc138\ud2b8 \uc804\uccb4 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc758 <strong>4.3%<\/strong> \ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ucc98\uc74c \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uc774\uc804 Biplot\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uac01 \uad00\uce21\uce58\ub97c \ucc98\uc74c \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\ub9cc \uace0\ub824\ud55c \uc0b0\uc810\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ud22c\uc601\ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc774\ub294 \uc88b\uc740 \uc2e0\ud638\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc11c\ub85c \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 Biplot\uc758 \ud328\ud134\uc744 \uc870\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc720\ud6a8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ub610\ud55c PCA \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uac01 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc124\uba85\ub418\ub294 \ucd1d \ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 \ud45c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc778 <strong>\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9ac \ud50c\ub86f\uc744<\/strong> \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate total variance explained by each principal component\n<\/span>var_explained = results$sdev^2 \/ <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">sum<\/span> (results$sdev^2)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create scree plot\n<\/span>qplot(c(1:4), var_explained) + \n  geom_line() + \n  xlab(\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Principal Component<\/span> \") + \n  ylab(\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Variance Explained<\/span> \") +\n  ggtitle(\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Scree Plot<\/span> \") +\n  ylim(0, 1)<\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12282 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pca2.png\" alt=\"R\uc790 \ubaa8\uc591\uc758 \ube44\ud0c8 \uc9c0\ud615\" width=\"427\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\uc2e4\uc81c \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84 \ubd84\uc11d<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c PCA\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc790\uc8fc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1. \ud0d0\uc0c9\uc801 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d<\/strong> \u2013 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\ub97c \ucc98\uc74c \ud0d0\uc0c9\ud558\uace0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uad00\ucc30\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c\uc9c0 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub824\uace0 \ud560 \ub54c PCA\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2. \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84 \ud68c\uadc0<\/strong> &#8211; PCA\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ko\/r\u110b\u1174-\u110c\u116e\u1109\u1165\u11bc\u1107\u116e\u11ab-\u1112\u116c\u1100\u1171\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\uc8fc\uc131\ubd84 \ud68c\uadc0<\/a> \uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc720\ud615\uc758 \ud68c\uadc0\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\uc758 \uc608\uce21 \ubcc0\uc218 \uac04\uc5d0 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ko\/\u1103\u1161\u110c\u116e\u11bc\u1100\u1169\u11bc\u1109\u1165\u11ab\u1109\u1165\u11bc-\u1112\u116c\u1100\u1171\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\ub2e4\uc911 \uacf5\uc120\uc131\uc774<\/a> \uc788\uc744 \ub54c \uc790\uc8fc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\uc774 \ud29c\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc5bc\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \uc804\uccb4 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Statorials\/R-Guides\/blob\/main\/pca.R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c<\/a> \ucc3e\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud754\ud788 PCA\ub85c \ucd95\uc57d\ub418\ub294 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84 \ubd84\uc11d\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\uc758 \ubcc0\ub3d9 \uc911 \ud070 \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84(\uc6d0\ub798 \uc608\uce21 \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \uc120\ud615 \uc870\ud569)\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294 \ube44\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uae30\uacc4 \ud559\uc2b5 \uae30\uc220\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. PCA\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub294 \uc6d0\ub798 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc801\uc740 \uc218\uc758 \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\uc758 \ubcc0\ub3d9\uc131 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. p \ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \ud2b9\uc815 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uac01 \uc30d\ubcc4 \ubcc0\uc218 \uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc0b0\uc810\ub3c4\ub97c \uac80\uc0ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc0b0\uc810\ub3c4 \uc218\uac00 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-20"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ 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