{"id":1142,"date":"2023-07-27T12:43:28","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T12:43:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/my\/r-%e1%81%8f-%e1%80%94%e1%80%be%e1%80%85%e1%80%ba%e1%80%91%e1%80%95%e1%80%ba%e1%80%9e%e1%80%ad%e1%80%af%e1%80%b7\/"},"modified":"2023-07-27T12:43:28","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T12:43:28","slug":"r-%e1%81%8f-%e1%80%94%e1%80%be%e1%80%85%e1%80%ba%e1%80%91%e1%80%95%e1%80%ba%e1%80%9e%e1%80%ad%e1%80%af%e1%80%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/my\/r-%e1%81%8f-%e1%80%94%e1%80%be%e1%80%85%e1%80%ba%e1%80%91%e1%80%95%e1%80%ba%e1%80%9e%e1%80%ad%e1%80%af%e1%80%b7\/","title":{"rendered":"R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1002\u100f\u1014\u103a\u1038 (r-squared) \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102c\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104b"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1002\u100f\u1014\u103a\u1038<\/strong> (\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a R 2<\/sup> \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u100a\u103a\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a) \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1006\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1010\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a<\/a> \u104f \u1000\u103d\u1032\u101c\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1024\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1006\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a R2 \u1000\u102d\u102f<\/sup> \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f-<\/strong> \u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c R-squared \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1018\u101a\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c- R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a R-square \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1014\u102c\u101b\u102e\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u104a \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1005\u102c\u1019\u1031\u1038\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 15 \u1026\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u102c\u1019\u1031\u1038\u1015\u103d\u1032\u101b\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1040\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1032\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

 #create data frame<\/span>\ndf <- data.frame(hours=c(1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 1, 5, 4, 2, 4, 4, 3, 6, 5, 3),\n                 prep_exams=c(1, 3, 3, 5, 2, 2, 1, 1, 0, 3, 4, 3, 2, 4, 4),\n                 score=c(76, 78, 85, 88, 72, 69, 94, 94, 88, 92, 90, 75, 96, 90, 82))\n\n#view first six rows of data frame<\/span>\nhead(df)\n\n  hours prep_exams score\n1 1 1 76\n2 2 3 78\n3 2 3 85\n4 4 5 88\n5 2 2 72\n6 1 2 69\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1015\u102b \u1000\u102f\u1012\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1024\u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1032\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1006\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1000\u102d\u102f<\/a> \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u1036\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1019\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1012\u101a\u103a\u1021\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u101e\u101e\u100a\u103a-<\/span><\/p>\n
 #fit regression model<\/span>\nmodel <- lm(score~hours+prep_exams, data=df)\n\n#view model summary<\/span>\nsummary(model)\n\nCall:\nlm(formula = score ~ hours + prep_exams, data = df)\n\nResiduals:\n    Min 1Q Median 3Q Max \n-7.9896 -2.5514 0.3079 3.3370 7.0352 \n\nCoefficients:\n            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    \n(Intercept) 71.8078 3.5222 20.387 1.12e-10 ***\nhours 5.0247 0.8964 5.606 0.000115 ***\nprep_exams -1.2975 0.9689 -1.339 0.205339    \n---\nSignificant. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1\n\nResidual standard error: 4.944 on 12 degrees of freedom\nMultiple R-squared: 0.7237, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6776 \nF-statistic: 15.71 on 2 and 12 DF, p-value: 0.0004454<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u1019\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1012\u101a\u103a\u104f R-squared (\u1021\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u104f\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a) \u101e\u100a\u103a 0.7237<\/strong> \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1005\u102c\u1019\u1031\u1038\u1015\u103d\u1032\u101b\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1000\u103d\u1032\u101c\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104f 72.37%<\/strong> \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1014\u102c\u101b\u102e\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1031\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u1031\u1037\u1000\u103b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1005\u102c\u1019\u1031\u1038\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b syntax \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d \u1024\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1004\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 summary(model)$r.squared\n\n[1] 0.7236545<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 R-squared \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u101c\u1032\u104b<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
 R \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a 0 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a 1 \u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1032\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 1 \u104f\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u104f\u1000\u103d\u1032\u101c\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u102f\u1036\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 0 \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u104f\u1000\u103d\u1032\u101c\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101f\u102f 1 \u104f\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u101a\u1031\u1018\u102f\u101a\u103b\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a regression model \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u104f R-squared \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101c\u1031\u104a explanatory variables \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a response variable \u104f\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101c\u1031\u101c\u1031\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u1015\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1006\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1015\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c R-squared \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f “ \u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038”  \u101f\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101b\u103e\u102d\u104a \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u101e\u102d\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1024\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f<\/a> \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1015\u103a-<\/strong><\/span> R \u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c R-squared \u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1002\u100f\u1014\u103a\u1038 (\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a R 2 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u100a\u103a\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a) \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1006\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1010\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u104f \u1000\u103d\u1032\u101c\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1006\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a R2 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f- \u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c R-squared \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1018\u101a\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104b 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