{"id":1405,"date":"2023-07-26T12:37:50","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T12:37:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/my\/r-%e1%80%90%e1%80%bd%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba-dummy-%e1%80%80%e1%80%ad%e1%80%94%e1%80%ba%e1%80%b8%e1%80%9b%e1%80%be%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%99%e1%80%bb%e1%80%ac%e1%80%b8\/"},"modified":"2023-07-26T12:37:50","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T12:37:50","slug":"r-%e1%80%90%e1%80%bd%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba-dummy-%e1%80%80%e1%80%ad%e1%80%94%e1%80%ba%e1%80%b8%e1%80%9b%e1%80%be%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%99%e1%80%bb%e1%80%ac%e1%80%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/my\/r-%e1%80%90%e1%80%bd%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba-dummy-%e1%80%80%e1%80%ad%e1%80%94%e1%80%ba%e1%80%b8%e1%80%9b%e1%80%be%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%99%e1%80%bb%e1%80%ac%e1%80%b8\/","title":{"rendered":"R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a dummy variable \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038 (\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

dummy variable<\/a> \u101e\u100a\u103a regression \u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c variable \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u103e \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u102f\u100a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1002\u100f\u102c\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a categorical variable \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1021\u1005\u102f\u1036\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101d\u1004\u103a\u1004\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f<\/em> \u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u101e\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a<\/em> \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f<\/em> \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104b<\/span> <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u1006\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1021\u102c\u1038<\/em> \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101b\u1014\u103a\u104a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1010\u102f\u1019\u1032\u1037\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u1031\u102c\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1006\u101a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038 (“ \u101c\u1030\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f” \u104a “ \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a” \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a “ \u1000\u103d\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a” ) \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u1030\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a k<\/em> -1 = 3-1 = 2 dummy \u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1024\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1002\u100f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u104a \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1001\u100f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a “ Single” \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u103b\u1014\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a \u1024\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u104a \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1014\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f<\/em> dummy variable \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/span> <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u1024\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1024\u1021\u1010\u102d\u1021\u1000\u103b\u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1032\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a dummy variable \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1031\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1011\u102d\u102f dummy variable \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1000\u102c \u1006\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a 1: \u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 R \u1019\u103e\u102c dataset \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

 #create data frame<\/span>\ndf <- data. frame<\/span> (income=c(45000, 48000, 54000, 57000, 65000, 69000,\n                          78000, 83000, 98000, 104000, 107000),\n                 age=c(23, 25, 24, 29, 38, 36, 40, 59, 56, 64, 53),\n                 status=c('Single', 'Single', 'Single', 'Single',\n                          'Married', 'Single', 'Married', 'Divorced',\n                          'Divorced', 'Married', 'Married'))\n\n#view data frame\n<\/span>df\n\n   income age status\n1 45000 23 Single\n2 48000 25 Single\n3 54000 24 Single\n4 57000 29 Single\n5 65000 38 Married\n6 69000 36 Single\n7 78000 40 Married\n8 83000 59 Divorced\n9 98000 56 Divorced\n10 104000 64 Married\n11 107000 53 Married<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a 2: Dummy Variables \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
 \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u104a \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1010\u102f\u1019\u1032\u1037\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a R \u101b\u103e\u102d ifelse()<\/strong> \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a-<\/span><\/p>\n
 #create dummy variables<\/span>\nmarried <- ifelse<\/span> (df$status ==<\/span> ' Married<\/span> ', 1, 0)\ndivorced <- ifelse<\/span> (df$status ==<\/span> ' Divorced<\/span> ', 1, 0)\n\n#create data frame to use for regression\n<\/span>df_reg <- data. frame<\/span> (income = df$income,\n                     age = df$age,\n                     married = married,\n                     divorced = divorced)\n\n#view data frame\n<\/span>df_reg\n\n   income age married divorced\n1 45000 23 0 0\n2 48000 25 0 0\n3 54000 24 0 0\n4 57000 29 0 0\n5 65000 38 1 0\n6 69000 36 0 0\n7 78000 40 1 0\n8 83000 59 0 1\n9 98000 56 0 1\n10 104000 64 1 0\n11 107000 53 1 0\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a 3- Linear Regression \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
 \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u104a \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c linear regression model \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u101b\u1014\u103a lm()<\/strong> function \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 #create regression model\n<\/span>model <- lm<\/span> (income ~ age + married + divorced, data=df_reg)\n\n#view regression model output\n<\/span>summary(model)\n\nCall:\nlm(formula = income ~ age + married + divorced, data = df_reg)\n\nResiduals:\n    Min 1Q Median 3Q Max \n-9707.5 -5033.8 45.3 3390.4 12245.4 \n\nCoefficients:\n            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)   \n(Intercept) 14276.1 10411.5 1.371 0.21266   \nage 1471.7 354.4 4.152 0.00428 **\nmarried 2479.7 9431.3 0.263 0.80018   \ndivorced -8397.4 12771.4 -0.658 0.53187   \n---\nSignificant. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1\n\nResidual standard error: 8391 on 7 degrees of freedom\nMultiple R-squared: 0.9008, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8584 \nF-statistic: 21.2 on 3 and 7 DF, p-value: 0.0006865\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1006\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a-<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u101d\u1004\u103a\u1004\u103d\u1031 = 14,276.1 + 1,471.7*(\u1021\u101e\u1000\u103a) + 2,479.7*(\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1015\u103a) \u2013 8,397.4*(\u1000\u103d\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038)<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u101c\u1030\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102e\u104f \u1021\u101e\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1019\u1030\u1010\u100a\u103a\u104d \u101c\u1030\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102e\u104f \u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1004\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1024\u100a\u102e\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a \u1021\u101e\u1000\u103a 35 \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1031\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1004\u103d\u1031 $68,264<\/strong> \u101b\u103e\u102d\u101c\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u1019\u100a\u103a-<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u101d\u1004\u103a\u1004\u103d\u1031 = 14,276.2 + 1,471.7*(35) + 2,479.7*(1) \u2013 8,397.4*(0) = $68,264<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u1024\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1007\u101a\u102c\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1006\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
    \n
  •  \u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a-<\/strong> \u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u101e\u1000\u103a \u101e\u102f\u100a \u101c\u1030\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u104f \u1015\u103b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u103e\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1004\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101e\u102f\u100a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1024\u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101e\u1030 \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102b\u101a\u103a\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u1031\u104b<\/span><\/li>\n
  •  \u1021\u101e\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a-<\/strong> \u1021\u101e\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u1015\u103b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u103e\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1004\u103d\u1031 $1,471.70 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b p-value (0.004) \u101e\u100a\u103a 0.05 \u1011\u1000\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a \u1021\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101d\u1004\u103a\u1004\u103d\u1031\u104f \u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1002\u100f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101b \u101e\u102d\u101e\u102c\u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1030\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/li>\n
  •  \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a-<\/strong> \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1015\u103b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u103e $2,479.70 \u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b p-value (0.800) \u101e\u100a\u103a 0.05 \u1011\u1000\u103a\u1019\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a \u1024\u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1002\u100f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101b \u101e\u102d\u101e\u102c\u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/span><\/li>\n
  •  \u1000\u103d\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038-<\/strong> \u1000\u103d\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1032\u101e\u1030\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1015\u103b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u103e $8,397.40 \u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b p-value (0.532) \u101e\u100a\u103a 0.05 \u1011\u1000\u103a\u1019\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a \u1024\u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1002\u100f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101b \u101e\u102d\u101e\u102c\u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
     \u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1002\u100f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1002\u100f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101b \u101e\u102d\u101e\u102c\u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a \u101d\u1004\u103a\u1004\u103d\u1031\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1019\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1021\u102c\u1038<\/em> \u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1030\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1019\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1012\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e \u1016\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    dummy variable \u101e\u100a\u103a regression \u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c variable \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u103e \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u102f\u100a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1002\u100f\u102c\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a categorical variable \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a\u104b \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1021\u1005\u102f\u1036\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101d\u1004\u103a\u1004\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u101e\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104b \u1006\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101b\u1014\u103a\u104a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1010\u102f\u1019\u1032\u1037\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u1031\u102c\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1006\u101a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038 (“ \u101c\u1030\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f” \u104a “ \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a” \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a “ \u1000\u103d\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a” ) \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u1030\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a k -1 = 3-1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nR \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Dummy Variable \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038 (\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u1024\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1021\u1015\u102b\u1021\u101d\u1004\u103a R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a dummy variable\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/my\/r-\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a-dummy-\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"my_MM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Dummy Variable \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038 (\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u1024\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1021\u1015\u102b\u1021\u101d\u1004\u103a R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a dummy variable\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f 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