{"id":415,"date":"2023-07-30T05:55:55","date_gmt":"2023-07-30T05:55:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/my\/%e1%80%a4%e1%80%90%e1%80%bd%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba-0000-%e1%81%8f-p-%e1%80%90%e1%80%94%e1%80%ba%e1%80%96%e1%80%ad%e1%80%af%e1%80%b8%e1%80%80%e1%80%ad%e1%80%af-%e1%80%a1%e1%80%93%e1%80%ad%e1%80%95%e1%80%b9\/"},"modified":"2023-07-30T05:55:55","modified_gmt":"2023-07-30T05:55:55","slug":"%e1%80%a4%e1%80%90%e1%80%bd%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba-0000-%e1%81%8f-p-%e1%80%90%e1%80%94%e1%80%ba%e1%80%96%e1%80%ad%e1%80%af%e1%80%b8%e1%80%80%e1%80%ad%e1%80%af-%e1%80%a1%e1%80%93%e1%80%ad%e1%80%95%e1%80%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/my\/%e1%80%a4%e1%80%90%e1%80%bd%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba-0000-%e1%81%8f-p-%e1%80%90%e1%80%94%e1%80%ba%e1%80%96%e1%80%ad%e1%80%af%e1%80%b8%e1%80%80%e1%80%ad%e1%80%af-%e1%80%a1%e1%80%93%e1%80%ad%e1%80%95%e1%80%b9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1024\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c 0.000 \u104f p \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

\u101e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1002\u100f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1001\u103b\u102e\u1005\u1010\u102f\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u101c\u1030\u1026\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1015\u103b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031\u104a \u101c\u1030\u1026\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1001\u102b\u104a \u101e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1024\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104f\u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a p-value \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1001\u100f \u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1031\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

p-value \u101e\u100a\u103a null hypothesis \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1015\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

p-value \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1000\u104a null hypothesis \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1004\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a p-value 0.000 \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u102b \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1018\u102f\u1036\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 0.1\u104a 0.05 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a 0.01 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

0.000 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1024\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1011\u1000\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a \u1000\u102d\u1005\u1039\u1005\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1005\u102e\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a null hypothesis \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1004\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1021\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1015\u102b\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c- P-\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038 0.000 \u101b\u101a\u1030\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u1005\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u103e \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a \u1042\u1040\u1040 \u1021\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1010\u102c\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101f\u102f \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1005\u102c\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101d\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1015\u103b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1010\u102c\u101a\u102c\u1021\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a 200 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101f\u1030\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101a\u1030\u1006\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1010\u102c\u101a\u102c\u1021\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a 0.05 \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104a \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u1031\u102c 0.05 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d \u1005\u102c\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1019\u103e \u101d\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

null hypothesis (H0):<\/strong> \u03bc = 200<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101a\u1030\u1006\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a- (Ha):<\/strong> \u03bc \u2260 200<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1015\u103b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u103e \u1021\u101a\u1030\u1021\u1006\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u102b \u1005\u102c\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a p-value 0.000 \u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

0.000 \u104f p-value \u101e\u100a\u103a 0.05 \u104f \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102c\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a null hypothesis \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u102c\u101a\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u104f \u1015\u103b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1021\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a \u1042\u1040\u1040 \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1019\u102c\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u1015\u103c\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102f\u1036\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1030\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

0.000 \u104f P \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000 \u1018\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u101e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a Microsoft Excel\u104a TI-84 \u1002\u100f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1000\u103a\u104a SPSS \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1002\u100f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u104f p-\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1016\u103a\u101d\u1032\u101c\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031 p-value \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1001\u100f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u101c\u102d\u102f 0.000 \u1021\u1010\u102d\u1021\u1000\u103b\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 0, 000000000023 \u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1004\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u101b\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u104a \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1016\u103a\u101d\u1032\u101c\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1012\u103f\u1019\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u101e\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a p-value \u101e\u100a\u103a 0.000 \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1014\u102d\u1002\u102f\u1036\u1038<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u1021\u1000\u101a\u103a\u104d \u101e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a 0.1\u104a 0.05 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a 0.01 (\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a 0.000 \u1011\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a) \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 p-value 0.000 \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101b\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102b\u1000 null hypothesis \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1004\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1015\u103a<\/strong> An explanation of P values and statistical significance<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u101e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1002\u100f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1001\u103b\u102e\u1005\u1010\u102f\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u101c\u1030\u1026\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1015\u103b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031\u104a \u101c\u1030\u1026\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1001\u102b\u104a \u101e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1024\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104f\u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a p-value \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1001\u100f \u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1031\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b p-value \u101e\u100a\u103a null hypothesis \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 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