{"id":492,"date":"2023-07-29T17:37:17","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T17:37:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/my\/r-dt-qt-pt-rt-%e1%80%90%e1%80%bd%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba-%e1%80%80%e1%80%bb%e1%80%b1%e1%80%ac%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%b8%e1%80%9e%e1%80%ac%e1%80%b8-t-%e1%80%96%e1%80%bc%e1%80%94%e1%80%b7%e1%80%ba%e1%80%81\/"},"modified":"2023-07-29T17:37:17","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T17:37:17","slug":"r-dt-qt-pt-rt-%e1%80%90%e1%80%bd%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba-%e1%80%80%e1%80%bb%e1%80%b1%e1%80%ac%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%b8%e1%80%9e%e1%80%ac%e1%80%b8-t-%e1%80%96%e1%80%bc%e1%80%94%e1%80%b7%e1%80%ba%e1%80%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/my\/r-dt-qt-pt-rt-%e1%80%90%e1%80%bd%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba-%e1%80%80%e1%80%bb%e1%80%b1%e1%80%ac%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%b8%e1%80%9e%e1%80%ac%e1%80%b8-t-%e1%80%96%e1%80%bc%e1%80%94%e1%80%b7%e1%80%ba%e1%80%81\/","title":{"rendered":"R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a dt\u104a qt\u104a pt\u104a & rt \u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u104f t \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a<\/strong> \u1005\u102c\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1007\u101a\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a dt()<\/strong> \u104a qt()<\/strong> \u104a pt()<\/strong> \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a rt()<\/strong> \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 t \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

dt<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a dt \u101e\u100a\u103a<\/b> \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103b\u1015\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c x<\/em> \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f df<\/em> \u1012\u102e\u1002\u101b\u102e\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u104f t \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1031\u101e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a (pdf) \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b dt \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a syntax \u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n

dt(x\u104a df)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1000\u102f\u1012\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a dt<\/b> \u104f \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u101b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a-<\/span><\/p>\n

 #find the value of the Student t distribution pdf at x = 0 with 20 degrees of freedom<\/span>\ndt(x = 0, df = 20)\n\n#[1] 0.3939886\n\n#by default, R assumes the first argument is x<\/em> and the second argument is df<\/em><\/span>\ndt(0, 20)\n\n#[1] 0.3939886\n#find the value of the Student t distribution pdf at x = 1 with 30 degrees of freedom\ndt(1, 30)\n<\/span>\n#[1] 0.2379933\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a Student’s t distribution \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1019\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u102b\u104a \u101e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a dt<\/strong> \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 pt \u1000\u102d\u102f<\/b> \u1019\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1001\u100f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a dt<\/strong> \u104f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1015\u101c\u102e\u1000\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 t \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102e\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1000\u102f\u1012\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u101b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 #Create a sequence of 100 equally spaced numbers between -4 and 4<\/span>\nx <- seq(-4, 4, length=100)\n\n#create a vector of values that shows the height of the probability distribution<\/span>\n#for each value in x, using 20 degrees of freedom<\/span>\ny <- dt(x = x, df = 20)\n\n#plot x and y as a scatterplot with connected lines (type = \"l\") and add<\/span>\n#an x-axis with custom labels<\/span>\nplot(x,y, type = \"l\", lwd = 2, axes = FALSE, xlab = \"\", ylab = \"\")\naxis(1, at = -3:3, labels = c(\"-3s\", \"-2s\", \"-1s\", \"mean\", \"1s\", \"2s\", \"3s\"))<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1000\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a-<\/span><\/p>\n
 pt<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n
 pt<\/b> \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103b\u1015\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c x<\/em> \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/em> \u1012\u102e\u1002\u101b\u102e df \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u104f t \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104f \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b pnorm \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a syntax \u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 pt(x\u104a df)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
 \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u101b\u101b\u1004\u103a pt \u101e\u100a\u103a<\/b> \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u104f t \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c x<\/em> \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u104f \u1018\u101a\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1015\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c x<\/em> \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u104f \u100a\u102c\u1018\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1027\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1000\u104a \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a lower.tail = FALSE \u1000\u102d\u102f<\/strong> \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 pt(x\u104a df\u104a lower.tail = FALSE)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a pt \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1019\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u101b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c 1-<\/strong> -0.785 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f 14 \u1012\u102e\u1002\u101b\u102e\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c t-statistic \u104f \u1018\u101a\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a<\/strong> \u101b\u103e\u102d \u1027\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
 pt(-0.785, 14)\n\n#[1] 0.2227675\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c 2-<\/strong> -0.785 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f 14 \u1012\u102e\u1002\u101b\u102e\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c t-statistic \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u104f \u100a\u102c\u1018\u1000\u103a<\/strong> \u101b\u103e\u102d \u1027\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
 #the following approaches produce equivalent results\n\n#1 - area to the left<\/span>\n1 - pt(-0.785, 14)\n\n#[1] 0.7772325\n\n#area to the right<\/span>\npt(-0.785, 14, lower.tail = FALSE)\n\n#[1] 0.7772325 \n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c 3-<\/strong> \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u104f t \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1005\u102f\u1005\u102f\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1027\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f -0.785 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a 0.785 \u104f \u1018\u101a\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f 14 \u1012\u102e\u1002\u101b\u102e\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
 pt (-0.785, 14)<\/span><\/span> + pt (0.785, 14, lower.tail = FALSE)<\/span><\/span>\n\n#[1] 0.4455351<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 qt<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a qt \u101e\u100a\u103a<\/b> \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103b\u1015\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c x<\/em> \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f df \u1012\u102e\u1002\u101b\u102e\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u104f t \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104f \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a \u1005\u102f\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a (cdf) \u104f\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/em> qt \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a syntax \u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 qt(x\u104a df)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
 \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u101b\u101b\u1004\u103a\u104a \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1032\u1037 t-\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u1032\u1037 pth<\/sup> quantile \u101b\u1032\u1037 t-score \u1000 \u1018\u102c\u101c\u1032\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 qt \u1000\u102d\u102f<\/strong> \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1000\u102f\u1012\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a qt<\/b> \u104f \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u101b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a-<\/span><\/p>\n
 #find the t-score of the 99th quantile of the Student t distribution with df = 20\n<\/span>qt(.99, df = 20)\n\n#[1][1]2.527977\n\n#find the t-score of the 95th quantile of the Student t distribution with df = 20<\/span>\nqt(.95, df = 20)\n\n#[1]1.724718\n\n#find the t-score of the 90th quantile of the Student t distribution with df = 20<\/span>\nqt(.9, df = 20)\n\n#[1]1.325341<\/span>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n
 qt<\/strong> \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a t \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1007\u101a\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u101c\u102d\u102f inverse t distribution calculator \u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 rt<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a rt \u101e\u100a\u103a<\/b> vector length n<\/em> \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f df<\/em> \u1012\u102e\u1002\u101b\u102e\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a Student’s t \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1015\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c vector \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b rt \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a syntax \u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 rt(n\u104a df)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1000\u102f\u1012\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a rt<\/b> \u104f \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u101b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a-<\/span><\/p>\n
 #generate a vector of 5 random variables that follows a Student t distribution\n#with df = 20<\/span>\nrt(n = 5, df = 20)\n\n#[1] -1.7422445 0.9560782 0.6635823 1.2122289 -0.7052825\n\n#generate a vector of 1000 random variables that follows a Student t distribution\n#with df = 40\nnarrowDistribution <- rt(1000, 40)\n\n#generate a vector of 1000 random variables that follows a Student t distribution\n#with df = 5\n<\/span>wideDistribution <- rt(1000, 5)\n\n#generate two histograms to view these two distributions side by side, and specify\n#50 bars in histogram,<\/span>\npar(mfrow=c(1, 2)) #one row, two columns\nhist(narrowDistribution, breaks=50, xlim = c(-6, 4)) \nhist(wideDistribution, breaks=50, xlim = c(-6, 4))\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b \u101f\u102e\u1005\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1002\u101b\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a-<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1019\u100a\u103a\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c\u104a \u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1012\u102e\u1002\u101b\u102e\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a 40 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a 5 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1012\u102e\u1002\u101b\u102e \u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1038\u101c\u1031\u104a \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101c\u1031 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1016\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a:
 R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a dnorm\u104a pnorm\u104a qnorm \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a rnorm \u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a<\/a>
 R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a dbinom\u104a pbinom\u104a qbinom \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a rbinom \u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a<\/a>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u104f t \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u102c\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1007\u101a\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a dt() \u104a qt() \u104a pt() \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a rt() \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 t \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b dt \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a dt \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103b\u1015\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c x \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f df \u1012\u102e\u1002\u101b\u102e\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u104f t \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1031\u101e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a (pdf) \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b dt \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a syntax \u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b dt(x\u104a df) \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1000\u102f\u1012\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a dt \u104f \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u101b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a- #find […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nR - Statorials \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a dt\u104a qt\u104a pt \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a rt \u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u1024\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a dt(), qt(), pt(), \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a rt() \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 t \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a 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content=\"\u1024\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a dt(), qt(), pt(), \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a rt() \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d R \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 t \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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