{"id":1136,"date":"2023-07-27T13:06:38","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T13:06:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/losowa-probka-w-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-27T13:06:38","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T13:06:38","slug":"losowa-probka-w-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/losowa-probka-w-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak wybra\u0107 losowe pr\u00f3bki w r: z przyk\u0142adami"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aby wybra\u0107 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/metody-pobierania-probek\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">losow\u0105 pr\u00f3bk\u0119<\/a> w R, mo\u017cemy u\u017cy\u0107 funkcji <strong>sample()<\/strong> , kt\u00f3ra wykorzystuje nast\u0119puj\u0105c\u0105 sk\u0142adni\u0119:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">pr\u00f3bka(x, rozmiar, zamie\u0144=FA\u0141SZ, prawdopodobie\u0144stwo=NULL)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Z\u0142oto:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>x:<\/strong> wektor element\u00f3w do wyboru.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>rozmiar:<\/strong> wielko\u015b\u0107 pr\u00f3bki.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>zamie\u0144:<\/strong> czy pobiera\u0107 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 z wymian\u0105, czy nie. Warto\u015b\u0107 domy\u015blna to fa\u0142sz.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>prob:<\/strong> wektor wag prawdopodobie\u0144stwa uzyskania element\u00f3w z wektora. Warto\u015b\u0107 domy\u015blna to NULL.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak u\u017cywa\u0107 tej funkcji do wybierania losowej pr\u00f3bki w R zar\u00f3wno z wektora, jak i ramki danych.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Przyk\u0142ad 1: Losowa pr\u00f3bka z wektora<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poni\u017cszy kod pokazuje, jak wybra\u0107 losow\u0105 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 z wektora <strong>bez zast\u0119powania<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create vector of data<\/span>\ndata &lt;- c(1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#select random sample of 5 elements without replacement\n<\/span>sample(x=data, size=5)\n\n[1] 10 12 5 14 7\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poni\u017cszy kod pokazuje, jak wybra\u0107 losow\u0105 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 z wektora <strong>z zamian\u0105<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create vector of data<\/span>\ndata &lt;- c(1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#select random sample of 5 elements with replacement\n<\/span>sample(x=data, size=5, replace= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">TRUE<\/span> )\n\n[1] 12 1 1 6 14<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Przyk\u0142ad 2: Losowa pr\u00f3bka z bloku danych<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poni\u017cszy kod pokazuje, jak wybra\u0107 losow\u0105 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 z ramki danych:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data frame<\/span>\ndf &lt;- data.frame(x=c(3, 5, 6, 6, 8, 12, 14),\n                 y=c(12, 6, 4, 23, 25, 8, 9),\n                 z=c(2, 7, 8, 8, 15, 17, 29))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view data frame \n<\/span>df\n\n   X Y Z\n1 3 12 2\n2 5 6 7\n3 6 4 8\n4 6 23 8\n5 8 25 15\n6 12 8 17\n7 14 9 29\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#select random sample of three rows from data frame<\/span>\nrand_df &lt;- df[ <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">sample<\/span> ( <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">nrow<\/span> (df), size= <span style=\"color: #993300;\">3<\/span> ), ]\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#display randomly selected rows\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">rand_df\n\n   X Y Z\n4 6 23 8\n7 14 9 29\n1 3 12 2\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Oto, co dzieje si\u0119 w tym fragmencie kodu:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1.<\/strong> Aby wybra\u0107 podzbi\u00f3r ramki danych w R, u\u017cywamy nast\u0119puj\u0105cej sk\u0142adni: df[wiersze, kolumny]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2.<\/strong> W powy\u017cszym kodzie losowo wybieramy pr\u00f3bk\u0119 3 wierszy z ramki danych i <em>wszystkich<\/em> kolumn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3.<\/strong> Wynik ko\u0144cowy to podzbi\u00f3r ramki danych z 3 losowo wybranymi wierszami.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nale\u017cy pami\u0119ta\u0107, \u017ce za ka\u017cdym razem, gdy u\u017cywamy funkcji <strong>sample()<\/strong> , R wybierze inn\u0105 pr\u00f3bk\u0119, poniewa\u017c funkcja wybiera warto\u015bci losowo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aby odtworzy\u0107 wyniki niekt\u00f3rych analiz, nale\u017cy u\u017cy\u0107 <strong>set.seed(some number)<\/strong> , aby funkcja sample() za ka\u017cdym razem wybiera\u0142a t\u0119 sam\u0105 losow\u0105 pr\u00f3bk\u0119. Na przyk\u0142ad:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#make this example reproducible\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">set.seed(23)<\/span>\n\n#create data frame<\/span>\ndf &lt;- data.frame(x=c(3, 5, 6, 6, 8, 12, 14),\n                 y=c(12, 6, 4, 23, 25, 8, 9),\n                 z=c(2, 7, 8, 8, 15, 17, 29))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#select random sample of three rows from data frame<\/span>\nrand_df &lt;- df[ <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">sample<\/span> ( <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">nrow<\/span> (df), size= <span style=\"color: #993300;\">3<\/span> ), ]\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#display randomly selected rows\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">rand_df\n\n   X Y Z\n5 8 25 15\n2 5 6 7\n6 12 8 17<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Za ka\u017cdym razem, gdy uruchomisz powy\u017cszy kod, za ka\u017cdym razem zostan\u0105 wybrane te same 3 wiersze ramki danych.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Dodatkowe zasoby<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/probkowanie-warstwowe-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pr\u00f3bkowanie warstwowe w R (z przyk\u0142adami)<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/systematyczne-pobieranie-probek-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Systematyczne pr\u00f3bkowanie w R (z przyk\u0142adami)<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/probkowanie-klastrow-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pr\u00f3bkowanie klastr\u00f3w w R: z przyk\u0142adami<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aby wybra\u0107 losow\u0105 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 w R, mo\u017cemy u\u017cy\u0107 funkcji sample() , kt\u00f3ra wykorzystuje nast\u0119puj\u0105c\u0105 sk\u0142adni\u0119: pr\u00f3bka(x, rozmiar, zamie\u0144=FA\u0141SZ, prawdopodobie\u0144stwo=NULL) Z\u0142oto: x: wektor element\u00f3w do wyboru. rozmiar: wielko\u015b\u0107 pr\u00f3bki. zamie\u0144: czy pobiera\u0107 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 z wymian\u0105, czy nie. Warto\u015b\u0107 domy\u015blna to fa\u0142sz. prob: wektor wag prawdopodobie\u0144stwa uzyskania element\u00f3w z wektora. Warto\u015b\u0107 domy\u015blna to NULL. W tym samouczku [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-przewodnik"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Jak wybra\u0107 losowe pr\u00f3bki w R (z przyk\u0142adami) \u2013 Statologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak wybiera\u0107 losowe pr\u00f3bki w j\u0119zyku R, podaj\u0105c kilka przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/losowa-probka-w-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak wybra\u0107 losowe pr\u00f3bki w R (z przyk\u0142adami) \u2013 Statologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak wybiera\u0107 losowe pr\u00f3bki w j\u0119zyku R, podaj\u0105c kilka przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/losowa-probka-w-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-27T13:06:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/losowa-probka-w-r\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/losowa-probka-w-r\/\",\"name\":\"Jak wybra\u0107 losowe pr\u00f3bki w R (z przyk\u0142adami) \u2013 Statologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-27T13:06:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-27T13:06:38+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\"},\"description\":\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak wybiera\u0107 losowe pr\u00f3bki w j\u0119zyku R, podaj\u0105c kilka przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/losowa-probka-w-r\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/losowa-probka-w-r\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/losowa-probka-w-r\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Jak wybra\u0107 losowe pr\u00f3bki w r: z przyk\u0142adami\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"Tw\u00f3j przewodnik po kompetencjach statystycznych!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\",\"name\":\"Benjamin Anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Benjamin Anderson\"},\"description\":\"Cze\u015b\u0107, jestem Benjamin i jestem emerytowanym profesorem statystyki, kt\u00f3ry zosta\u0142 oddanym nauczycielem Statorials. 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