{"id":1246,"date":"2023-07-27T03:48:04","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T03:48:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/studentyzowane-pozostalosci-w-pythonie\/"},"modified":"2023-07-27T03:48:04","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T03:48:04","slug":"studentyzowane-pozostalosci-w-pythonie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/studentyzowane-pozostalosci-w-pythonie\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak obliczy\u0107 studentyzowane reszty w pythonie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Reszta studenta<\/strong> to po prostu reszta podzielona przez oszacowane odchylenie standardowe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">W praktyce og\u00f3lnie m\u00f3wimy, \u017ce ka\u017cda <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/obserwacja-w-statystyce\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">obserwacja<\/a> w zbiorze danych, kt\u00f3rej reszta Studenta jest wi\u0119ksza ni\u017c warto\u015b\u0107 bezwzgl\u0119dna 3, jest warto\u015bci\u0105 odstaj\u0105c\u0105.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mo\u017cemy szybko uzyska\u0107 studentyzowane reszty modelu regresji w Pythonie, u\u017cywaj\u0105c funkcji <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statsmodels.org\/stable\/generated\/statsmodels.regression.linear_model.OLSResults.outlier_test.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">OLSResults.outlier_test()<\/a> statsmodels, kt\u00f3ra wykorzystuje nast\u0119puj\u0105c\u0105 sk\u0142adni\u0119:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>OLSResults.outlier_test()<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">gdzie <i>OLSResults<\/i> to nazwa dopasowania modelu liniowego przy u\u017cyciu funkcji statsmodels <strong>ols()<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Przyk\u0142ad: obliczenie studentyzowanych reszt w Pythonie<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Za\u0142\u00f3\u017cmy, \u017ce budujemy nast\u0119puj\u0105cy <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/prosta-regresja-liniowa-w-pythonie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">prosty model regresji liniowej<\/a> w Pythonie:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#import necessary packages and functions\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> numpy <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> np\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> pandas <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> pd\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> statsmodels. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">api<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> sm\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">from<\/span> statsmodels. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">formula<\/span> . <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">api<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> ols\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create dataset<\/span>\ndf = pd. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">DataFrame<\/span> ({'rating': [90, 85, 82, 88, 94, 90, 76, 75, 87, 86],\n                   'points': [25, 20, 14, 16, 27, 20, 12, 15, 14, 19]})\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#fit simple linear regression model<\/span>\nmodel = ols('rating ~ points', data=df). <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">fit<\/span> ()\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mo\u017cemy u\u017cy\u0107 funkcji <strong>outlier_test()<\/strong> do utworzenia ramki danych zawieraj\u0105cej studentyzowane reszty dla ka\u017cdej obserwacji w zbiorze danych:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate studentized residuals<\/span>\nstud_res = model. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">outlier_test<\/span> ()\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#display studentized residuals<\/span>\nprint(stud_res)\n\n    student_resid unadj_p bonf(p)\n0 -0.486471 0.641494 1.000000\n1 -0.491937 0.637814 1.000000\n2 0.172006 0.868300 1.000000\n3 1.287711 0.238781 1.000000\n4 0.106923 0.917850 1.000000\n5 0.748842 0.478355 1.000000\n6 -0.968124 0.365234 1.000000\n7 -2.409911 0.046780 0.467801\n8 1.688046 0.135258 1.000000\n9 -0.014163 0.989095 1.000000\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ta ramka danych wy\u015bwietla nast\u0119puj\u0105ce warto\u015bci dla ka\u017cdej obserwacji w zbiorze danych:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Studencka pozosta\u0142o\u015b\u0107<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nieskorygowana warto\u015b\u0107 p studentyzowanej reszty<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Skorygowana przez Bonferroniego warto\u015b\u0107 p reszty studenta<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Widzimy, \u017ce studencka reszta dla pierwszej obserwacji w zbiorze danych wynosi <strong>-0,486471<\/strong> , studencka reszta dla drugiej obserwacji wynosi <strong>-0,491937<\/strong> i tak dalej.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mo\u017cemy r\u00f3wnie\u017c stworzy\u0107 szybki wykres warto\u015bci zmiennych predykcyjnych wzgl\u0119dem odpowiednich studentyzowanych reszt:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> matplotlib. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">pyplot<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> plt<\/span>\n\n#define predictor variable values and studentized residuals\n<\/span>x = df[' <span style=\"color: #008000;\">points<\/span> ']\ny = stud_res[' <span style=\"color: #008000;\">student_resid<\/span> ']\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create scatterplot of predictor variable vs. studentized residuals\n<\/span>plt. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">scatter<\/span> (x,y)\nplt. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">axhline<\/span> (y=0, color=' <span style=\"color: #008000;\">black<\/span> ', linestyle=' <span style=\"color: #008000;\">--<\/span> ')\nplt. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">xlabel<\/span> (' <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Points<\/span> ')\nplt. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">ylabel<\/span> (' <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Studentized Residuals<\/span> ') \n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12339 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/etudiants1.png\" alt=\"Studentyzowane reszty w Pythonie\" width=\"372\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Z wykresu wida\u0107, \u017ce \u017cadna z obserwacji nie ma reszty Studenta o warto\u015bci bezwzgl\u0119dnej wi\u0119kszej ni\u017c 3, zatem w zbiorze danych nie ma wyra\u017anych warto\u015bci odstaj\u0105cych.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Dodatkowe zasoby<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/prosta-regresja-liniowa-w-pythonie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jak wykona\u0107 prost\u0105 regresj\u0119 liniow\u0105 w Pythonie<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/python-regresji-liniowej\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jak wykona\u0107 wielokrotn\u0105 regresj\u0119 liniow\u0105 w Pythonie<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wykres-pozosta\u0142osci-pythona\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jak utworzy\u0107 wykres resztkowy w Pythonie<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reszta studenta to po prostu reszta podzielona przez oszacowane odchylenie standardowe. W praktyce og\u00f3lnie m\u00f3wimy, \u017ce ka\u017cda obserwacja w zbiorze danych, kt\u00f3rej reszta Studenta jest wi\u0119ksza ni\u017c warto\u015b\u0107 bezwzgl\u0119dna 3, jest warto\u015bci\u0105 odstaj\u0105c\u0105. Mo\u017cemy szybko uzyska\u0107 studentyzowane reszty modelu regresji w Pythonie, u\u017cywaj\u0105c funkcji OLSResults.outlier_test() statsmodels, kt\u00f3ra wykorzystuje nast\u0119puj\u0105c\u0105 sk\u0142adni\u0119: OLSResults.outlier_test() gdzie OLSResults to nazwa [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-przewodnik"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Jak obliczy\u0107 studentyzowane reszty w Pythonie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak oblicza\u0107 i interpretowa\u0107 studentyzowane reszty w Pythonie, podaj\u0105c kilka przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/studentyzowane-pozostalosci-w-pythonie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak obliczy\u0107 studentyzowane reszty w Pythonie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak oblicza\u0107 i interpretowa\u0107 studentyzowane reszty w Pythonie, podaj\u0105c kilka przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/studentyzowane-pozostalosci-w-pythonie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-27T03:48:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/etudiants1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/studentyzowane-pozostalosci-w-pythonie\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/studentyzowane-pozostalosci-w-pythonie\/\",\"name\":\"Jak obliczy\u0107 studentyzowane reszty w Pythonie\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-27T03:48:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-27T03:48:04+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\"},\"description\":\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak oblicza\u0107 i interpretowa\u0107 studentyzowane reszty w Pythonie, podaj\u0105c kilka przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/studentyzowane-pozostalosci-w-pythonie\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/studentyzowane-pozostalosci-w-pythonie\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/studentyzowane-pozostalosci-w-pythonie\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Jak obliczy\u0107 studentyzowane reszty w pythonie\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"Tw\u00f3j przewodnik po kompetencjach statystycznych!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\",\"name\":\"Benjamin Anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Benjamin Anderson\"},\"description\":\"Cze\u015b\u0107, jestem Benjamin i jestem emerytowanym profesorem statystyki, kt\u00f3ry zosta\u0142 oddanym nauczycielem Statorials. 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