{"id":1530,"date":"2023-07-26T00:06:49","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T00:06:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/plotki-g\/"},"modified":"2023-07-26T00:06:49","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T00:06:49","slug":"plotki-g","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/plotki-g\/","title":{"rendered":"Czym s\u0105 \u017cywop\u0142oty? g? (definicja \u2013 przyk\u0142ad)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">W <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/testowanie-hipotez-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">testowaniu hipotez<\/a> cz\u0119sto u\u017cywamy <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/p-oznacza-istotnosc-statystyczna\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warto\u015bci p<\/a> , aby okre\u015bli\u0107, czy istnieje statystycznie istotna r\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy dwiema grupami.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Jednak\u017ce, podczas gdy warto\u015b\u0107 p mo\u017ce nam powiedzie\u0107, czy istnieje statystycznie istotna r\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy dwiema grupami, <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wielkosc-efektu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wielko\u015b\u0107 efektu<\/a> mo\u017ce nam powiedzie\u0107 <em>o wielko\u015bci<\/em> tej r\u00f3\u017cnicy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Jednym z najcz\u0119stszych sposob\u00f3w pomiaru wielko\u015bci efektu jest u\u017cycie <strong>g Hedgesa<\/strong> , kt\u00f3re oblicza si\u0119 w nast\u0119puj\u0105cy spos\u00f3b:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>sol = ( <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> <sub>1<\/sub> \u2013 <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> <sub>2<\/sub> ) \/ \u221a <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">((n <sub>1<\/sub> -1)*s <sub>1<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> + (n <sub>2<\/sub> -1)*s <sub>2<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> ) \/ (n <sub>1<\/sub> +n <sub>2<\/sub> -2)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Z\u0142oto:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> <sub>1<\/sub> , <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> <sub>2<\/sub> : odpowiednio \u015brednia z pr\u00f3bki 1 i \u015brednia z pr\u00f3bki 2<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><sub>n1<\/sub> , <sub>n2<\/sub> : Odpowiednio wielko\u015b\u0107 pr\u00f3by 1 i wielko\u015b\u0107 pr\u00f3by 2<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">s <sub>1<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> , s <sub>2<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> : odpowiednio wariancja pr\u00f3bki 1 i wariancja pr\u00f3bki 2<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poni\u017cszy przyk\u0142ad pokazuje, jak obliczy\u0107 g Hedgesa dla dw\u00f3ch pr\u00f3bek.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Przyk\u0142ad: obliczenie zasi\u0119gu g<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Za\u0142\u00f3\u017cmy, \u017ce mamy nast\u0119puj\u0105ce dwa przyk\u0142ady:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Pr\u00f3bka 1:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x1<\/span> : <sub>15,2<\/sub><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">s <sub>1<\/sub> : 4,4<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">nr <sub>1<\/sub> : 39<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Pr\u00f3bka 2:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x2<\/span> <sub>:<\/sub> 14<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">s <sub>2<\/sub> : 3,6<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">nr <sub>2<\/sub> : 34<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Oto jak obliczy\u0107 g Hedgesa dla tych dw\u00f3ch pr\u00f3bek:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">sol = ( <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> <sub>1<\/sub> \u2013 <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> <sub>2<\/sub> ) \/ \u221a <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">((n <sub>1<\/sub> -1)*s <sub>1<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> + (n <sub>2<\/sub> -1)*s <sub>2<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> ) \/ (n <sub>1<\/sub> +n <sub>2<\/sub> -2)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">g = (15,2 \u2013 14) \/ \u221a <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">((39-1)*4,4 <sup>2<\/sup> + (34-1)*3,6 <sup>2<\/sup> ) \/ (39+34-2)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">g = 1,2 \/ 4,04788<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">g = 0,29851<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Okazuje si\u0119, \u017ce g \u017cywop\u0142ot\u00f3w wynosi <strong>0,29851<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Bonus:<\/strong> U\u017cyj tego kalkulatora online, aby automatycznie obliczy\u0107 g Hedgesa dla dowolnych dw\u00f3ch pr\u00f3bek.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Jak interpretowa\u0107 g \u017cywop\u0142ot\u00f3w<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Og\u00f3lnie rzecz bior\u0105c, oto jak interpretowa\u0107 g Hedge&#8217;a:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>0,2<\/strong> = Ma\u0142y rozmiar efektu<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>0,5<\/strong> = \u015bredni rozmiar efektu<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>0,8<\/strong> = Du\u017cy rozmiar efektu<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">W naszym przyk\u0142adzie wielko\u015b\u0107 efektu wynosz\u0105ca <strong>0,29851<\/strong> zosta\u0142aby prawdopodobnie uznana za ma\u0142\u0105 wielko\u015b\u0107 efektu. Oznacza to, \u017ce chocia\u017c r\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy \u015brednimi obu grup jest istotna statystycznie, faktyczna r\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy \u015brednimi grup jest nieistotna.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>g Hedgesa kontra d Cohena<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Innym powszechnym sposobem pomiaru wielko\u015bci efektu jest tzw. <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/cohens-d-excel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">d Cohena<\/a> , w kt\u00f3rym wykorzystuje si\u0119 nast\u0119puj\u0105cy wz\u00f3r:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>re = ( <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">X1<\/span> \u2013 <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">X2<\/span> ) \/ <sub>\u221a<\/sub> <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\"><sup>(<\/sup> <sup>s12<\/sup> <sub>+<\/sub> <sub>s22<\/sub> ) \/<\/span> <sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Jedyna r\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy d Cohena i g Hedgesa polega na tym, \u017ce g Hedgesa uwzgl\u0119dnia ka\u017cd\u0105 wielko\u015b\u0107 pr\u00f3by przy obliczaniu ca\u0142kowitej wielko\u015bci efektu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Dlatego zaleca si\u0119 stosowanie g Hedge&#8217;a do obliczenia wielko\u015bci efektu, gdy dwie wielko\u015bci pr\u00f3bek nie s\u0105 r\u00f3wne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Je\u017celi wielko\u015b\u0107 obu pr\u00f3bek jest r\u00f3wna, w\u00f3wczas g Hedgesa i d Cohena b\u0119d\u0105 mia\u0142y dok\u0142adnie t\u0119 sam\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>W testowaniu hipotez cz\u0119sto u\u017cywamy warto\u015bci p , aby okre\u015bli\u0107, czy istnieje statystycznie istotna r\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy dwiema grupami. Jednak\u017ce, podczas gdy warto\u015b\u0107 p mo\u017ce nam powiedzie\u0107, czy istnieje statystycznie istotna r\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy dwiema grupami, wielko\u015b\u0107 efektu mo\u017ce nam powiedzie\u0107 o wielko\u015bci tej r\u00f3\u017cnicy. Jednym z najcz\u0119stszych sposob\u00f3w pomiaru wielko\u015bci efektu jest u\u017cycie g Hedgesa , [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-przewodnik"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Jakie jest g Hedgesa? 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