{"id":1641,"date":"2023-07-25T13:22:41","date_gmt":"2023-07-25T13:22:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/indeks-randa\/"},"modified":"2023-07-25T13:22:41","modified_gmt":"2023-07-25T13:22:41","slug":"indeks-randa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/indeks-randa\/","title":{"rendered":"Co to jest indeks rand? (definicja i przyk\u0142ady)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Indeks Rand<\/strong> umo\u017cliwia por\u00f3wnanie podobie\u0144stwa wynik\u00f3w uzyskanych pomi\u0119dzy dwiema r\u00f3\u017cnymi metodami grupowania.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cz\u0119sto oznaczany jako <em>R<\/em> , indeks Rand oblicza si\u0119 w nast\u0119puj\u0105cy spos\u00f3b:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><em>R<\/em> = (a+b) \/ ( <sub>n<\/sub> do <sub>2<\/sub> )<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Z\u0142oto:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>a:<\/strong> ile razy para element\u00f3w nale\u017cy do tego samego skupienia, zgodnie z dwiema metodami grupowania.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>b:<\/strong> ile razy para element\u00f3w nale\u017cy do klastr\u00f3w r\u00f3\u017cnicowych wed\u0142ug dw\u00f3ch metod grupowania.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sub>n<\/sub> C <sub>2<\/sub> :<\/strong> Liczba par nieuporz\u0105dkowanych w zbiorze <em>n<\/em> element\u00f3w.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Indeks Rand zawsze przyjmuje warto\u015b\u0107 z zakresu od 0 do 1, gdzie:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>0:<\/strong> wskazuje, \u017ce dwie metody grupowania nie zgadzaj\u0105 si\u0119 co do grupowania pary element\u00f3w.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1:<\/strong> Wskazuje, \u017ce dwie metody grupowania doskonale zgadzaj\u0105 si\u0119 w zakresie grupowania ka\u017cdej pary element\u00f3w.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poni\u017cszy przyk\u0142ad ilustruje spos\u00f3b obliczenia indeksu Rand mi\u0119dzy dwiema metodami grupowania dla prostego zbioru danych.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Przyk\u0142ad: Jak obliczy\u0107 indeks Rand<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Za\u0142\u00f3\u017cmy, \u017ce mamy nast\u0119puj\u0105cy zbi\u00f3r danych sk\u0142adaj\u0105cy si\u0119 z pi\u0119ciu element\u00f3w:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Zbi\u00f3r danych: {A, B, C, D, E}<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Za\u0142\u00f3\u017cmy, \u017ce u\u017cywamy dw\u00f3ch metod grupowania, kt\u00f3re umieszczaj\u0105 ka\u017cdy element w nast\u0119puj\u0105cych klastrach:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Klastry metody 1: {1, 1, 1, 2, 2}<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Metoda klastrowania 2: {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aby obliczy\u0107 indeks Rand pomi\u0119dzy tymi metodami grupowania, musimy najpierw zapisa\u0107 wszystkie mo\u017cliwe pary nieuporz\u0105dkowane w pi\u0119cioelementowym zbiorze danych:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Pary nieuporz\u0105dkowane: {A, B}, {A, C}, {A, D}, {A, E}, {B, C}, {B, D}, {B, E}, {C, D } , {C, E}, {D, E}<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Istnieje <strong>10<\/strong> par nieuporz\u0105dkowanych.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nast\u0119pnie musimy obliczy\u0107 <strong>a<\/strong> , kt\u00f3re reprezentuje liczb\u0119 par nieuporz\u0105dkowanych nale\u017c\u0105cych do tego samego klastra w obu metodach grupowania:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">{AB}<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">W tym przypadku a = <strong>1<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nast\u0119pnie musimy obliczy\u0107 <strong>b<\/strong> , kt\u00f3re reprezentuje liczb\u0119 par nieuporz\u0105dkowanych nale\u017c\u0105cych do r\u00f3\u017cnych skupie\u0144 w dw\u00f3ch metodach grupowania:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">{A, D}, {A, E}, {B, D}, {B, E}, {C, E}<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">W tym przypadku b = <strong>5<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Na koniec mo\u017cemy obliczy\u0107 indeks Rand w nast\u0119puj\u0105cy spos\u00f3b:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>R<\/em> = (a+b) \/ ( <sub>n<\/sub> do <sub>2<\/sub> )<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>R<\/em> = (1+5) \/ 10<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>R<\/em> = 6\/10<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Indeks Rand wynosi <strong>0,6<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Jak obliczy\u0107 indeks Rand w R<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mo\u017cemy u\u017cy\u0107 funkcji <strong>rand.index()<\/strong> z pakietu <strong>paliwowego<\/strong> do obliczenia indeksu Rand pomi\u0119dzy dwiema metodami grupowania w R:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> (fossil)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define clusters\n<\/span>method1 &lt;- c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2)\nmethod2 &lt;- c(1, 1, 2, 2, 3)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate Rand index between clustering methods\n<\/span>rand. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">index<\/span> (method1, method2)\n\n[1] 0.6\n<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Indeks Rand wynosi <strong>0,6<\/strong> . Odpowiada to warto\u015bci, kt\u00f3r\u0105 obliczyli\u015bmy r\u0119cznie.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Jak obliczy\u0107 indeks Rand w Pythonie<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mo\u017cemy zdefiniowa\u0107 nast\u0119puj\u0105c\u0105 funkcj\u0119 w Pythonie, aby obliczy\u0107 indeks Rand mi\u0119dzy dwoma klastrami:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> numpy <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> np\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">from<\/span> scipy. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">special<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> comb\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define Rand index function\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">def<\/span> <span style=\"color: #993300;\">rand_index<\/span> (actual, pred):\n\n    tp_plus_fp = comb(np. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">bincount<\/span> (actual), 2). <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">sum<\/span> ()\n    tp_plus_fn = comb(np. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">bincount<\/span> (pred), 2). <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">sum<\/span> ()\n    A = np. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">c_<\/span> [(actual, pred)]\n    tp = sum(comb( <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">np.bincount<\/span> (A[A[:, 0] == i, 1]), 2) <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">.sum<\/span> ()\n             <span style=\"color: #008000;\">for<\/span> i <span style=\"color: #008000;\">in<\/span> set(actual))\n    fp = tp_plus_fp - tp\n    fn = tp_plus_fn - tp\n    tn = comb(len(A), 2) - tp - fp - fn\n    <span style=\"color: #008000;\">return<\/span> (tp + tn) \/ (tp + fp + fn + tn)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate Rand index\n<\/span>rand_index([1, 1, 1, 2, 2], [1, 1, 2, 2, 3])\n\n0.6<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Indeks Rand wynosi <strong>0,6<\/strong> . Odpowiada to warto\u015bci obliczonej w poprzednich przyk\u0142adach.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Dodatkowe zasoby<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/k-oznacza-grupowanie-w-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wprowadzenie do grupowania K-\u015brednich<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/k-medoidow-w-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wprowadzenie do grupowania K-Medoids<\/a><br \/> Wprowadzenie do grupowania hierarchicznego<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Indeks Rand umo\u017cliwia por\u00f3wnanie podobie\u0144stwa wynik\u00f3w uzyskanych pomi\u0119dzy dwiema r\u00f3\u017cnymi metodami grupowania. Cz\u0119sto oznaczany jako R , indeks Rand oblicza si\u0119 w nast\u0119puj\u0105cy spos\u00f3b: R = (a+b) \/ ( n do 2 ) Z\u0142oto: a: ile razy para element\u00f3w nale\u017cy do tego samego skupienia, zgodnie z dwiema metodami grupowania. b: ile razy para element\u00f3w nale\u017cy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-przewodnik"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Co to jest indeks Rand? 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