{"id":2471,"date":"2023-07-22T03:07:20","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T03:07:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/test-chow-w-pythonie\/"},"modified":"2023-07-22T03:07:20","modified_gmt":"2023-07-22T03:07:20","slug":"test-chow-w-pythonie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/test-chow-w-pythonie\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak wykona\u0107 test chow w pythonie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/proba-jedzenia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Test Chowa<\/a> s\u0142u\u017cy do sprawdzania, czy wsp\u00f3\u0142czynniki dw\u00f3ch r\u00f3\u017cnych modeli regresji na r\u00f3\u017cnych zbiorach danych s\u0105 r\u00f3wne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Test ten jest zwykle stosowany w dziedzinie ekonometrii z danymi szereg\u00f3w czasowych w celu ustalenia, czy w danym momencie wyst\u0119puje strukturalna przerwa w danych.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poni\u017cszy przyk\u0142ad krok po kroku pokazuje, jak wykona\u0107 test Chow w Pythonie.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Krok 1: Utw\u00f3rz dane<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Najpierw stworzymy fa\u0142szywe dane:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> pandas <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> pd<\/span>\n\n#createDataFrame<\/span>\ndf = pd. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">DataFrame<\/span> ({' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">x<\/span> ': [1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 10,\n                         11, 12, 12, 13, 14, 15, 15, 16, 17, 18, 18, 19, 20, 20],\n                   ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">y<\/span> ': [3, 5, 6, 10, 13, 15, 17, 14, 20, 23, 25, 27, 30, 30, 31,\n                         33, 32, 32, 30, 32, 34, 34, 37, 35, 34, 36, 34, 37, 38, 36]})\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first five rows of DataFrame\n<\/span>df. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">head<\/span> ()\n\n        x y\n0 1 3\n1 1 5\n2 2 6\n3 3 10\n4 4 13<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Krok 2: Wizualizuj dane<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nast\u0119pnie utworzymy prosty wykres rozrzutu do wizualizacji danych:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> matplotlib. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">pyplot<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> plt\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create scatterplot\n<\/span>plt. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">plot<\/span> (df. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">x<\/span> , df. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">y<\/span> , ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">o<\/span> ')\n<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-22118 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/chow11.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"546\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Z wykresu punktowego widzimy, \u017ce trend danych wydaje si\u0119 zmienia\u0107 przy x = 10.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">W zwi\u0105zku z tym mo\u017cemy wykona\u0107 test Chow, aby okre\u015bli\u0107, czy w danych wyst\u0119puje strukturalny punkt przerwania przy x = 10.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Krok 3: Wykonaj test Chow<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mo\u017cemy u\u017cy\u0107 funkcji chowtest z pakietu <a href=\"https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/chowtest\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chowtest<\/a> w Pythonie, aby wykona\u0107 test Chow.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Najpierw musimy zainstalowa\u0107 ten pakiet za pomoc\u0105 pip:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>pip <span style=\"color: #008000;\">install<\/span> chowtest\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> Nast\u0119pnie mo\u017cemy u\u017cy\u0107 nast\u0119puj\u0105cej sk\u0142adni, aby wykona\u0107 test Chow:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">from<\/span> chow_test <span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> chowtest\n\nchowtest <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">(<\/span> y=df[[' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">y<\/span> ']],\n         last_index_in_model_1= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">15<\/span> ,\n         first_index_in_model_2= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">16<\/span> ,\n         significance_level= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">.05<\/span> )\n\n************************************************** *********************************\nReject the null hypothesis of equality of regression coefficients in the 2 periods.\n************************************************** *********************************\nChow Statistic: 118.14097335479373 p value: 0.0\n************************************************** *********************************\n(118.14097335479373, 1.1102230246251565e-16)\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Oto znaczenie poszczeg\u00f3lnych argument\u00f3w funkcji <strong>chowtest()<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>y<\/strong> : Zmienna odpowiedzi w ramce danych<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>x<\/strong> : Zmienna predykcyjna w ramce danych<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>last_index_in_model_1<\/strong> : Warto\u015b\u0107 indeksu ostatniego punktu przed przerwaniem konstrukcyjnym<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>First_index_in_model_2<\/strong> : Warto\u015b\u0107 indeksu dla pierwszego punktu po przerwie konstrukcyjnej<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>poziom istotno\u015bci<\/strong> : poziom istotno\u015bci stosowany przy testowaniu hipotezy<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Z wyniku testu mo\u017cemy zobaczy\u0107:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Statystyka<\/strong> <strong>testu F<\/strong> : 118,14<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Warto\u015b\u0107 p:<\/strong> &lt;.0000<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poniewa\u017c warto\u015b\u0107 p jest mniejsza ni\u017c 0,05, mo\u017cemy odrzuci\u0107 hipotez\u0119 zerow\u0105 testu. Oznacza to, \u017ce mamy wystarczaj\u0105ce dowody, aby stwierdzi\u0107, \u017ce w danych wyst\u0119puje strukturalny punkt przerwania.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Innymi s\u0142owy, dwie linie regresji mog\u0105 skuteczniej dopasowa\u0107 model do danych ni\u017c pojedyncza linia regresji.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Dodatkowe zasoby<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poni\u017csze samouczki wyja\u015bniaj\u0105, jak wykonywa\u0107 inne typowe testy w Pythonie:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/test-przyczynowosci-granger-w-pythonie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jak wykona\u0107 test przyczynowo\u015bci Grangera w Pythonie<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/breusch-poganski-testowy-pyton\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jak wykona\u0107 test Breuscha-Pagana w Pythonie<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/bia\u0142y-test-w-pythonie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jak wykona\u0107 test White&#8217;a w Pythonie<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Test Chowa s\u0142u\u017cy do sprawdzania, czy wsp\u00f3\u0142czynniki dw\u00f3ch r\u00f3\u017cnych modeli regresji na r\u00f3\u017cnych zbiorach danych s\u0105 r\u00f3wne. Test ten jest zwykle stosowany w dziedzinie ekonometrii z danymi szereg\u00f3w czasowych w celu ustalenia, czy w danym momencie wyst\u0119puje strukturalna przerwa w danych. Poni\u017cszy przyk\u0142ad krok po kroku pokazuje, jak wykona\u0107 test Chow w Pythonie. Krok 1: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-przewodnik"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Jak wykona\u0107 test Chow w Pythonie - Statologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak wykona\u0107 test Chow w j\u0119zyku Python, podaj\u0105c pe\u0142ny przyk\u0142ad.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/test-chow-w-pythonie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak wykona\u0107 test Chow w Pythonie - Statologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak wykona\u0107 test Chow w j\u0119zyku Python, podaj\u0105c pe\u0142ny przyk\u0142ad.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/test-chow-w-pythonie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-22T03:07:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/chow11.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/test-chow-w-pythonie\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/test-chow-w-pythonie\/\",\"name\":\"Jak wykona\u0107 test Chow w Pythonie - Statologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-22T03:07:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-22T03:07:20+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\"},\"description\":\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak wykona\u0107 test Chow w j\u0119zyku Python, podaj\u0105c pe\u0142ny przyk\u0142ad.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/test-chow-w-pythonie\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/test-chow-w-pythonie\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/test-chow-w-pythonie\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Jak wykona\u0107 test chow w pythonie\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"Tw\u00f3j przewodnik po kompetencjach statystycznych!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\",\"name\":\"Benjamin Anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Benjamin Anderson\"},\"description\":\"Cze\u015b\u0107, jestem Benjamin i jestem emerytowanym profesorem statystyki, kt\u00f3ry zosta\u0142 oddanym nauczycielem Statorials. 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