{"id":3151,"date":"2023-07-18T23:20:40","date_gmt":"2023-07-18T23:20:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/interpolacja-liniowa-w-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-18T23:20:40","modified_gmt":"2023-07-18T23:20:40","slug":"interpolacja-liniowa-w-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/interpolacja-liniowa-w-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak wykona\u0107 interpolacj\u0119 liniow\u0105 w r (z przyk\u0142adem)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Interpolacja liniowa<\/strong> to proces szacowania nieznanej warto\u015bci funkcji pomi\u0119dzy dwiema znanymi warto\u015bciami.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Maj\u0105c dwie znane warto\u015bci (x <sub>1<\/sub> , y <sub>1<\/sub> ) i (x <sub>2<\/sub> , y <sub>2<\/sub> ), mo\u017cemy oszacowa\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 y dla punktu x za pomoc\u0105 nast\u0119puj\u0105cego wzoru:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">y = y <sub>1<\/sub> + (xx <sub>1<\/sub> ) (y <sub>2<\/sub> -y <sub>1<\/sub> )\/(x <sub>2<\/sub> -x <sub>1<\/sub> )<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poni\u017cszy przyk\u0142ad pokazuje, jak wykona\u0107 interpolacj\u0119 liniow\u0105 w R.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Przyk\u0142ad: interpolacja liniowa w R<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Za\u0142\u00f3\u017cmy, \u017ce mamy nast\u0119puj\u0105c\u0105 ramk\u0119 danych z warto\u015bciami x i y w R:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define data frame\n<\/span>df &lt;- data. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">frame<\/span> (x=c(2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20),\n                 y=c(4, 7, 11, 16, 22, 29, 38, 49, 63, 80))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view data frame\n<\/span>df\n\n    xy\n1 2 4\n2 4 7\n3 6 11\n4 8 16\n5 10 22\n6 12 29\n7 14 38\n8 16 49\n9 18 63\n10 20 80<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mo\u017cemy u\u017cy\u0107 poni\u017cszego kodu, aby utworzy\u0107 wykres rozrzutu w celu wizualizacji warto\u015bci (x, y) w ramce danych:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create scatterplot<\/span>\nplot(df$x, df$y, col=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">blue<\/span> ', pch= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">19<\/span> )\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-26793 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/lineairer1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"430\" height=\"394\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Za\u0142\u00f3\u017cmy teraz, \u017ce chcemy znale\u017a\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 y powi\u0105zan\u0105 z now\u0105 warto\u015bci\u0105 x wynosz\u0105c\u0105 <strong>13<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mo\u017cemy w tym celu u\u017cy\u0107 funkcji <strong>przybli\u017c()<\/strong> w R:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#fit linear regression model using data frame<\/span>\nmodel &lt;- lm(y ~ x, data = df)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#interpolate y value based on x value of 13\n<\/span>y_new = approx(df$x, df$y, xout= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">13<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view interpolated y value\n<\/span>y_new\n\n$x\n[1] 13\n\n$y\n[1] 33.5\n<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Oszacowana warto\u015b\u0107 y wynosi <strong>33,5<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Je\u015bli dodamy do naszego wykresu punkt (13, 33.5), wydaje si\u0119, \u017ce ca\u0142kiem dobrze pasuje on do funkcji:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create scatterplot\n<\/span>plot(df$x, df$y, col=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">blue<\/span> ', pch= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">19<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#add the predicted point to the scatterplot\n<\/span>points(13, y_new$y, col=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red<\/span> ', pch= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">19<\/span> )\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-26794 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/lineairer2.jpg\" alt=\"interpolacja liniowa w R\" width=\"431\" height=\"398\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mo\u017cemy u\u017cy\u0107 tego dok\u0142adnego wzoru do przeprowadzenia interpolacji liniowej dla dowolnej nowej warto\u015bci x.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Dodatkowe zasoby<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poni\u017csze samouczki wyja\u015bniaj\u0105, jak wykonywa\u0107 inne typowe zadania w j\u0119zyku R:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/rozwiazac-uk\u0142ad-rownan-w-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jak rozwi\u0105za\u0107 uk\u0142ad r\u00f3wna\u0144 w R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/przewidziec-regresje-wielokrotna-w-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jak przewidzie\u0107 warto\u015bci w R za pomoc\u0105 modelu regresji wielokrotnej<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Interpolacja liniowa to proces szacowania nieznanej warto\u015bci funkcji pomi\u0119dzy dwiema znanymi warto\u015bciami. Maj\u0105c dwie znane warto\u015bci (x 1 , y 1 ) i (x 2 , y 2 ), mo\u017cemy oszacowa\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 y dla punktu x za pomoc\u0105 nast\u0119puj\u0105cego wzoru: y = y 1 + (xx 1 ) (y 2 -y 1 )\/(x 2 -x [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-przewodnik"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Jak wykona\u0107 interpolacj\u0119 liniow\u0105 w R (z przyk\u0142adem) - Statologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak wykona\u0107 interpolacj\u0119 liniow\u0105 w j\u0119zyku R, \u0142\u0105cznie z pe\u0142nym przyk\u0142adem.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/interpolacja-liniowa-w-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak wykona\u0107 interpolacj\u0119 liniow\u0105 w R (z przyk\u0142adem) - Statologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak wykona\u0107 interpolacj\u0119 liniow\u0105 w j\u0119zyku R, \u0142\u0105cznie z pe\u0142nym przyk\u0142adem.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/interpolacja-liniowa-w-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-18T23:20:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/lineairer1.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/interpolacja-liniowa-w-r\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/interpolacja-liniowa-w-r\/\",\"name\":\"Jak wykona\u0107 interpolacj\u0119 liniow\u0105 w R (z przyk\u0142adem) - Statologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-18T23:20:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-18T23:20:40+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\"},\"description\":\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak wykona\u0107 interpolacj\u0119 liniow\u0105 w j\u0119zyku R, \u0142\u0105cznie z pe\u0142nym przyk\u0142adem.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/interpolacja-liniowa-w-r\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/interpolacja-liniowa-w-r\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/interpolacja-liniowa-w-r\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Jak wykona\u0107 interpolacj\u0119 liniow\u0105 w r (z przyk\u0142adem)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"Tw\u00f3j przewodnik po kompetencjach statystycznych!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\",\"name\":\"Benjamin Anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Benjamin Anderson\"},\"description\":\"Cze\u015b\u0107, jestem Benjamin i jestem emerytowanym profesorem statystyki, kt\u00f3ry zosta\u0142 oddanym nauczycielem Statorials. 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