{"id":3929,"date":"2023-07-14T16:54:38","date_gmt":"2023-07-14T16:54:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/r-odejmij-godziny-od-czasu\/"},"modified":"2023-07-14T16:54:38","modified_gmt":"2023-07-14T16:54:38","slug":"r-odejmij-godziny-od-czasu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/r-odejmij-godziny-od-czasu\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak odj\u0105\u0107 godziny od czasu w r (z przyk\u0142adami)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mo\u017cesz u\u017cy\u0107 dowolnej z poni\u017cszych metod, aby odj\u0105\u0107 okre\u015blon\u0105 liczb\u0119 godzin od godziny w R:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Metoda 1: U\u017cyj podstawy R<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create new column that subtracts 4 hours from time\n<\/span>df$subtract4 &lt;- df$time - ( <span style=\"color: #008000;\">4<\/span> * <span style=\"color: #008000;\">3600<\/span> )\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Metoda 2: U\u017cyj pakietu Lubridate<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">library<\/span> (lubridate)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create new column that subtracts 4 hours from time\n<\/span>df$subtract4 &lt;- df$time - hours( <span style=\"color: #008000;\">4<\/span> )\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poni\u017csze przyk\u0142ady pokazuj\u0105, jak u\u017cywa\u0107 ka\u017cdej metody z nast\u0119puj\u0105c\u0105 ramk\u0105 danych:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data frame\n<\/span>df &lt;- data. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">frame<\/span> (time=as. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">POSIXct<\/span> (c('2022-01-03 08:04:15', '2022-01-05 14:04:15',\n                                   '2022-01-05 20:03:53', '2022-01-06 03:29:13',\n                                   '2022-01-06 06:15:00', '2022-01-07 10:48:11'),\n                                   format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS'),\n                 sales=c(130, 98, 240, 244, 174, 193))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view data frame\n<\/span>df\n\n                 time sales\n1 2022-01-03 08:04:15 130\n2 2022-01-05 14:04:15 98\n3 2022-01-05 20:03:53 240\n4 2022-01-06 03:29:13 244\n5 2022-01-06 06:15:00 174\n6 2022-01-07 10:48:11 193\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Uwaga<\/strong> : Aby doda\u0107 czas do daty, po prostu zamie\u0144 znak odejmowania na znak dodawania w jednym z powy\u017cszych wzor\u00f3w.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Przyk\u0142ad 1: Odejmowanie godzin od czasu przy u\u017cyciu podstawy R<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poni\u017cszy kod pokazuje, jak utworzy\u0107 now\u0105 kolumn\u0119 o nazwie <b>subtract4<\/b> , kt\u00f3ra odejmuje cztery razy od ka\u017cdej warto\u015bci w kolumnie <strong>czasu<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create new column that subtracts 4 hours from time<\/span>\ndf$subtract4 &lt;- df$time - ( <span style=\"color: #008000;\">4<\/span> * <span style=\"color: #008000;\">3600<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view updated data frame\n<\/span>df\n\n                 time sales subtract4\n1 2022-01-03 08:04:15 130 2022-01-03 04:04:15\n2 2022-01-05 14:04:15 98 2022-01-05 10:04:15\n3 2022-01-05 20:03:53 240 2022-01-05 16:03:53\n4 2022-01-06 03:29:13 244 2022-01-05 23:29:13\n5 2022-01-06 06:15:00 174 2022-01-06 02:15:00\n6 2022-01-07 10:48:11 193 2022-01-07 06:48:11<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nale\u017cy pami\u0119ta\u0107, \u017ce warto\u015bci w nowej kolumnie <b>odejmij4<\/b> s\u0105 r\u00f3wne warto\u015bciom w kolumnie <b>czasu<\/b> po odj\u0119ciu czterech godzin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Uwaga<\/strong> : we wzorze u\u017cywamy (4*3600), poniewa\u017c warto\u015bci czasu s\u0105 przechowywane w R jako sekundy. Poniewa\u017c godzina ma 3600 sekund, musimy pomno\u017cy\u0107 4 przez 3600, aby odj\u0105\u0107 4 godziny.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Przyk\u0142ad 2: Odejmij godziny od czasu, korzystaj\u0105c z pakietu Lubridate<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poni\u017cszy kod pokazuje, jak u\u017cy\u0107 funkcji <strong>hours()<\/strong> pakietu <a href=\"https:\/\/lubridate.tidyverse.org\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lubridate<\/a> do utworzenia nowej kolumny o nazwie <b>subtract4<\/b> , kt\u00f3ra odejmuje cztery godziny od ka\u017cdej warto\u015bci w kolumnie <strong>czasu<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">library<\/span> (lubridate)<\/span>\n\n#create new column that subtracts 4 hours from time\n<\/span>df$subtract4 &lt;- df$time - hours( <span style=\"color: #008000;\">4<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view updated data frame\n<\/span>df\n\n                 time sales subtract4\n1 2022-01-03 08:04:15 130 2022-01-03 04:04:15\n2 2022-01-05 14:04:15 98 2022-01-05 10:04:15\n3 2022-01-05 20:03:53 240 2022-01-05 16:03:53\n4 2022-01-06 03:29:13 244 2022-01-05 23:29:13\n5 2022-01-06 06:15:00 174 2022-01-06 02:15:00\n6 2022-01-07 10:48:11 193 2022-01-07 06:48:11<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nale\u017cy pami\u0119ta\u0107, \u017ce warto\u015bci w nowej kolumnie <b>odejmij4<\/b> s\u0105 r\u00f3wne warto\u015bciom w kolumnie <b>czasu<\/b> po odj\u0119ciu czterech godzin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nale\u017cy zauwa\u017cy\u0107, \u017ce ta metoda daje takie same wyniki jak podstawowa metoda R.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Dodatkowe zasoby<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poni\u017csze samouczki wyja\u015bniaj\u0105, jak wykonywa\u0107 inne typowe zadania w j\u0119zyku R:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/r-przekonwertuj-date-na-numeryczna\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jak przekonwertowa\u0107 dat\u0119 na liczb\u0119 w R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wyodrebnij-miesiac-z-daty-w-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jak wyodr\u0119bni\u0107 miesi\u0105c z daty w R<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/dodaj-odejmij-miesiac-od-daty-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jak dodawa\u0107 i odejmowa\u0107 miesi\u0105ce do daty w R<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mo\u017cesz u\u017cy\u0107 dowolnej z poni\u017cszych metod, aby odj\u0105\u0107 okre\u015blon\u0105 liczb\u0119 godzin od godziny w R: Metoda 1: U\u017cyj podstawy R #create new column that subtracts 4 hours from time df$subtract4 &lt;- df$time &#8211; ( 4 * 3600 ) Metoda 2: U\u017cyj pakietu Lubridate library (lubridate) #create new column that subtracts 4 hours from time df$subtract4 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-przewodnik"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Jak odj\u0105\u0107 godziny od czasu w R (z przyk\u0142adami) \u2013 Statorials<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak odj\u0105\u0107 godziny od czasu w j\u0119zyku R, podaj\u0105c kilka przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/r-odejmij-godziny-od-czasu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak odj\u0105\u0107 godziny od czasu w R (z przyk\u0142adami) \u2013 Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak odj\u0105\u0107 godziny od czasu w j\u0119zyku R, podaj\u0105c kilka przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/r-odejmij-godziny-od-czasu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-14T16:54:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/r-odejmij-godziny-od-czasu\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/r-odejmij-godziny-od-czasu\/\",\"name\":\"Jak odj\u0105\u0107 godziny od czasu w R (z przyk\u0142adami) \u2013 Statorials\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-14T16:54:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-14T16:54:38+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\"},\"description\":\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak odj\u0105\u0107 godziny od czasu w j\u0119zyku R, podaj\u0105c kilka przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/r-odejmij-godziny-od-czasu\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/r-odejmij-godziny-od-czasu\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/r-odejmij-godziny-od-czasu\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Jak odj\u0105\u0107 godziny od czasu w r (z przyk\u0142adami)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"Tw\u00f3j przewodnik po kompetencjach statystycznych!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\",\"name\":\"Benjamin Anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Benjamin Anderson\"},\"description\":\"Cze\u015b\u0107, jestem Benjamin i jestem emerytowanym profesorem statystyki, kt\u00f3ry zosta\u0142 oddanym nauczycielem Statorials. 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