{"id":464,"date":"2023-07-29T19:49:15","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T19:49:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/jak-wygenerowac-probke-za-pomoca-funkcji-probki-w-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-29T19:49:15","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T19:49:15","slug":"jak-wygenerowac-probke-za-pomoca-funkcji-probki-w-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/jak-wygenerowac-probke-za-pomoca-funkcji-probki-w-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak wygenerowa\u0107 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 za pomoc\u0105 funkcji sample w r"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

Funkcja sample()<\/strong> w R pozwala pobra\u0107 losow\u0105 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 element\u00f3w ze zbioru danych lub wektora, z zamian\u0105 lub bez.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podstawowa sk\u0142adnia funkcji sample() jest nast\u0119puj\u0105ca:<\/span><\/p>\n

pr\u00f3bka (x, rozmiar, zamie\u0144 = FALSE<\/span> , prob = NULL<\/span> )<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

x<\/strong> : zbi\u00f3r danych lub wektor, z kt\u00f3rego nale\u017cy wybra\u0107 pr\u00f3bk\u0119<\/span>
rozmiar<\/strong> : wielko\u015b\u0107 pr\u00f3bki<\/span>
zamieni\u0107<\/strong> : czy pobieranie pr\u00f3bek powinno odbywa\u0107 si\u0119 z wymian\u0105? (domy\u015blnie jest to FA\u0141SZ)<\/span>
prob<\/strong> : wektor wag prawdopodobie\u0144stwa umo\u017cliwiaj\u0105cych otrzymanie element\u00f3w wektora pr\u00f3bkowanego<\/span><\/p>\n

Pe\u0142n\u0105 dokumentacj\u0119 sample() mo\u017cna znale\u017a\u0107 tutaj<\/a> .<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Poni\u017csze przyk\u0142ady demonstruj\u0105 praktyczne przyk\u0142ady u\u017cycia funkcji sample().<\/span><\/p>\n

Wygeneruj pr\u00f3bk\u0119 z wektora<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Za\u0142\u00f3\u017cmy, \u017ce mamy wektor a<\/em> zawieraj\u0105cy 10 element\u00f3w:<\/span><\/p>\n

 #define vector a<\/em> with 10 elements in it<\/span>\na <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 Aby wygenerowa\u0107 losow\u0105 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 5 element\u00f3w wektora a<\/em> bez zamiany, mo\u017cemy zastosowa\u0107 nast\u0119puj\u0105c\u0105 sk\u0142adni\u0119:<\/span><\/p>\n
 #generate random sample of 5 elements from vector a\n<\/em><\/span>sample(a, 5)\n\n#[1] 3 1 4 7 5<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 Nale\u017cy pami\u0119ta\u0107, \u017ce za ka\u017cdym razem, gdy generujemy losow\u0105 pr\u00f3bk\u0119, prawdopodobnie za ka\u017cdym razem otrzymamy inny zestaw element\u00f3w.<\/span><\/p>\n
 #generate another random sample of 5 elements from vector a\n<\/em><\/span>sample(a, 5)\n\n#[1] 1 8 7 4 2<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 Je\u015bli chcemy m\u00f3c powt\u00f3rzy\u0107 nasze wyniki i za ka\u017cdym razem pracowa\u0107 z t\u0105 sam\u0105 pr\u00f3bk\u0105, mo\u017cemy u\u017cy\u0107 set.seed()<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n
 #set.seed(some random number) to ensure that we get the same sample each time\nset.seed(122)\n\n#define vector a<\/em> with 10 elements in it<\/span>\na <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)<\/span>\n\n#generate random sample of 5 elements from vector a\n<\/em><\/span>sample(a, 5)\n\n#[1] 10 9 2 1 4\n\n#generate another random sample of 5 elements from vector a\n<\/em><\/span>sample(a, 5)\n\n#[1] 10 9 2 1 4\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 Mo\u017cemy r\u00f3wnie\u017c u\u017cy\u0107 argumentu zamiana = TRUE<\/strong> , aby wykona\u0107 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 z zamian\u0105. Oznacza to, \u017ce ka\u017cdy element wektora mo\u017ce pojawi\u0107 si\u0119 w pr\u00f3bce wi\u0119cej ni\u017c raz.<\/span><\/p>\n
 #generate random sample of 5 elements from vector a<\/em> using sampling with replacement\n<\/span>sample(a, 5, replace = TRUE)\n\n#10 10 2 1 6<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 Wygeneruj pr\u00f3bk\u0119 ze zbioru danych<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n
 Innym powszechnym zastosowaniem funkcji sample() jest generowanie losowej pr\u00f3bki wierszy ze zbioru danych. W poni\u017cszym przyk\u0142adzie wygenerujemy losow\u0105 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 sk\u0142adaj\u0105c\u0105 si\u0119 z 10 wierszy z wbudowanego zbioru danych R iris<\/strong> , kt\u00f3ry zawiera \u0142\u0105cznie 150 wierszy.<\/span><\/p>\n
 #view first 6 rows of<\/span> iris dataset\n<\/span><\/strong>head(iris)<\/span>\n\n# Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species\n#1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa\n#2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa\n#3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa\n#4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa\n#5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa\n#6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa<\/span><\/strong>\n\n<\/span>#set<\/span> seed to ensure that this example is replicable<\/strong>\nset.seed(100)<\/span>\n<\/span>\n#choose a random vector of 10 elements from all 150 rows in iris dataset<\/span>\nsample_rows <- sample(1:nrow(iris), 10)\nsample_rows\n\n#[1] 47 39 82 9 69 71 117 53 78 25\n\n#choose the 10 rows of the iris dataset that match the row numbers above<\/span>\nsample <- iris[sample_rows, ]\nsample\n\n# Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species\n#47 5.1 3.8 1.6 0.2 setosa\n#39 4.4 3.0 1.3 0.2 setosa\n#82 5.5 2.4 3.7 1.0 versicolor\n#9 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2 setosa\n#69 6.2 2.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor\n#71 5.9 3.2 4.8 1.8 versicolor\n#117 6.5 3.0 5.5 1.8 virginica\n#53 6.9 3.1 4.9 1.5 versicolor\n#78 6.7 3.0 5.0 1.7 versicolor\n#25 4.8 3.4 1.9 0.2 setosa<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 Pami\u0119taj, \u017ce je\u015bli skopiujesz i wkleisz powy\u017cszy kod do w\u0142asnej konsoli R, powiniene\u015b otrzyma\u0107 dok\u0142adnie t\u0119 sam\u0105 pr\u00f3bk\u0119, poniewa\u017c u\u017cyli\u015bmy set.seed(100)<\/strong> , aby mie\u0107 pewno\u015b\u0107, \u017ce za ka\u017cdym razem otrzymamy t\u0119 sam\u0105 pr\u00f3bk\u0119.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Funkcja sample() w R pozwala pobra\u0107 losow\u0105 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 element\u00f3w ze zbioru danych lub wektora, z zamian\u0105 lub bez. Podstawowa sk\u0142adnia funkcji sample() jest nast\u0119puj\u0105ca: pr\u00f3bka (x, rozmiar, zamie\u0144 = FALSE , prob = NULL ) x : zbi\u00f3r danych lub wektor, z kt\u00f3rego nale\u017cy wybra\u0107 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 rozmiar : wielko\u015b\u0107 pr\u00f3bki zamieni\u0107 : czy pobieranie pr\u00f3bek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-przewodnik"],"yoast_head":"\nJak wygenerowa\u0107 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 za pomoc\u0105 funkcji Pr\u00f3bka w R - Statorials<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Prosty tutorial jak wygenerowa\u0107 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 za pomoc\u0105 funkcji sample() w R.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/jak-wygenerowac-probke-za-pomoca-funkcji-probki-w-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak wygenerowa\u0107 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 za pomoc\u0105 funkcji Pr\u00f3bka w R - Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Prosty tutorial jak wygenerowa\u0107 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 za pomoc\u0105 funkcji sample() w R.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/jak-wygenerowac-probke-za-pomoca-funkcji-probki-w-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-29T19:49:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/jak-wygenerowac-probke-za-pomoca-funkcji-probki-w-r\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/jak-wygenerowac-probke-za-pomoca-funkcji-probki-w-r\/\",\"name\":\"Jak wygenerowa\u0107 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 za pomoc\u0105 funkcji Pr\u00f3bka w R - Statorials\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-29T19:49:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-29T19:49:15+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\"},\"description\":\"Prosty tutorial jak wygenerowa\u0107 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 za pomoc\u0105 funkcji sample() w R.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/jak-wygenerowac-probke-za-pomoca-funkcji-probki-w-r\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/jak-wygenerowac-probke-za-pomoca-funkcji-probki-w-r\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/jak-wygenerowac-probke-za-pomoca-funkcji-probki-w-r\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Jak wygenerowa\u0107 pr\u00f3bk\u0119 za pomoc\u0105 funkcji sample w r\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"Tw\u00f3j przewodnik po kompetencjach statystycznych!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\",\"name\":\"Benjamin Anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Benjamin Anderson\"},\"description\":\"Cze\u015b\u0107, jestem Benjamin i jestem emerytowanym profesorem statystyki, kt\u00f3ry zosta\u0142 oddanym nauczycielem Statorials. 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