{"id":486,"date":"2023-07-29T17:59:32","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T17:59:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/piramida-wieku-w-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-29T17:59:32","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T17:59:32","slug":"piramida-wieku-w-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/piramida-wieku-w-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak stworzy\u0107 piramid\u0119 populacji w r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Piramida populacji<\/strong> to wykres przedstawiaj\u0105cy rozk\u0142ad wieku i p\u0142ci w danej populacji. Jest to przydatny wykres umo\u017cliwiaj\u0105cy \u0142atwe zrozumienie sk\u0142adu populacji, a tak\u017ce aktualnego trendu wzrostu populacji.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Je\u015bli piramida populacji ma kszta\u0142t prostok\u0105ta, oznacza to, \u017ce populacja ro\u015bnie wolniej; starsze pokolenia s\u0105 zast\u0119powane przez nowe pokolenia mniej wi\u0119cej tej samej wielko\u015bci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Je\u015bli piramida populacji ma kszta\u0142t piramidy, oznacza to, \u017ce populacja ro\u015bnie w szybszym tempie; starsze pokolenia tworz\u0105 nowe, wi\u0119ksze pokolenia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Na wykresie p\u0142e\u0107 jest pokazana po lewej i prawej stronie, wiek na osi y, a procent lub wielko\u015b\u0107 populacji na osi x.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak utworzy\u0107 piramid\u0119 populacji w j\u0119zyku R.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Utw\u00f3rz piramid\u0119 populacji w R<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Za\u0142\u00f3\u017cmy, \u017ce mamy nast\u0119puj\u0105cy zestaw danych, kt\u00f3ry pokazuje sk\u0142ad procentowy populacji na podstawie wieku (0 do 100 lat) i p\u0142ci (M = \u201eM\u0119\u017cczyzna\u201d, F = \u201eKobieta\u201d):<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#make this example reproducible<\/span>\nset.seed(1)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data frame\n<\/span>data &lt;- data.frame(age = rep(1:100, 2), gender = rep(c(\"M\", \"F\"), each = 100))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#add variable population\n<\/span>data$population &lt;- 1\/sqrt(data$age) * runif(200, 10000, 15000)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#convert population variable to percentage\n<\/span>data$population &lt;- data$population \/ sum(data$population) * 100\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first six rows of dataset\n<\/span>head(data)\n\n# age gender population\n#1 1M 2.424362\n#2 2M 1.794957\n#3 3M 1.589594\n#4 4M 1.556063\n#5 5M 1.053662\n#6 6M 1.266231\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mo\u017cemy utworzy\u0107 podstawow\u0105 piramid\u0119 populacji dla tego zbioru danych, korzystaj\u0105c z biblioteki <strong>ggplot2<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#load <em>ggplot2\n<\/em><\/span>library(ggplot2)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create population pyramid<\/span>\nggplot(data, aes(x = age, fill = gender,\n                 y = ifelse(test = gender == \"M\",\n                            yes = -population, no = population))) + \n  geom_bar(stat = \"identity\") +\n  scale_y_continuous(labels = abs, limits = max(data$population) * c(-1,1)) +\n  coordinate_flip()<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <strong>Dodawanie tytu\u0142\u00f3w i tag\u00f3w<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mo\u017cemy doda\u0107 zar\u00f3wno tytu\u0142y, jak i etykiety osi do piramidy populacji, u\u017cywaj\u0105c argumentu <strong>labs()<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>ggplot(data, aes(x = age, fill = gender,\n                 y = ifelse(test = gender == \"M\",\n                            yes = -population, no = population))) + \n  geom_bar(stat = \"identity\") +\n  scale_y_continuous(labels = abs, limits = max(data$population) * c(-1,1)) <span style=\"color: #800080;\">+\n  labs(title = \"Population Pyramid\", x = \"Age\", y = \"Percent of population\")<\/span> +\n  coordinate_flip()<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Zmie\u0144 kolory<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mo\u017cemy zmieni\u0107 dwa kolory u\u017cywane do reprezentowania p\u0142ci za pomoc\u0105 argumentuscale_color_manual <strong>()<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>ggplot(data, aes(x = age, fill = gender,\n                 y = ifelse(test = gender == \"M\",\n                            yes = -population, no = population))) + \n  geom_bar(stat = \"identity\") +\n  scale_y_continuous(labels = abs, limits = max(data$population) * c(-1,1)) +\n  labs(title = \"Population Pyramid\", x = \"Age\", y = \"Percent of population\") <span style=\"color: #800080;\">+\n  scale_color_manual(values = c(\"pink\", \"steelblue\"),<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #800080;\">aesthetics = c(\"color\", \"fill\"))<\/span> +\n  coordinate_flip()<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Piramidy wielowiekowe<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mo\u017cliwe jest tak\u017ce jednoczesne wykre\u015blenie wielu piramid populacji za pomoc\u0105 argumentu <strong>facet_wrap()<\/strong> . Za\u0142\u00f3\u017cmy na przyk\u0142ad, \u017ce mamy dane dotycz\u0105ce populacji kraj\u00f3w <em>A, B<\/em> i <em>C.<\/em> Poni\u017cszy kod ilustruje spos\u00f3b tworzenia piramidy populacji dla ka\u017cdego kraju:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#make this example reproducible<\/span>\nset.seed(1)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data frame\n<\/span>data_multiple &lt;- data.frame(age = rep(1:100, 6),\n                   gender = rep(c(\"M\", \"F\"), each = 300),\n                   country = rep(c(\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"), each = 100, times = 2))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#add variable population\n<\/span>data_multiple$population &lt;- round(1\/sqrt(data_multiple$age)*runif(200, 10000, 15000), 0)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first six rows of dataset\n<\/span>head(data_multiple)\n\n# age gender country population\n#1 1 MA 11328\n#2 2 MA 8387\n#3 3 MA 7427\n#4 4 MA 7271\n#5 5 MA 4923\n#6 6 MA 5916\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create one population pyramid per country\n<\/span>ggplot(data_multiple, aes(x = age, fill = gender,\n                          y = ifelse(test = gender == \"M\",\n                                     yes = -population, no = population))) + \n  geom_bar(stat = \"identity\") +\n  scale_y_continuous(labels = abs, limits = max(data_multiple$population) * c(-1,1)) +\n  labs(y = \"Population Amount\") + \n  coordinate_flip() <span style=\"color: #800080;\">+\n  facet_wrap(~country) <span style=\"color: #000000;\">+<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1))<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#rotate x-axis labels<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Zmie\u0144 motyw<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Wreszcie mo\u017cemy zmieni\u0107 motyw graficzny. Na przyk\u0142ad poni\u017cszy kod wykorzystuje <strong>motyw_klasyczny(),<\/strong> aby grafika wygl\u0105da\u0142a bardziej minimalistycznie:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>ggplot(data_multiple, aes(x = age, fill = gender,\n                          y = ifelse(test = gender == \"M\",\n                                     yes = -population, no = population))) + \n  geom_bar(stat = \"identity\") +\n  scale_y_continuous(labels = abs, limits = max(data_multiple$population) * c(-1,1)) +\n  labs(y = \"Population Amount\") + \n  coordinate_flip() +\n  facet_wrap(~country) <span style=\"color: #800080;\">+<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #800080;\">theme_classic()<\/span> + \n  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1))\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mo\u017cesz te\u017c u\u017cy\u0107 niestandardowych motyw\u00f3w gg. Pe\u0142n\u0105 list\u0119 motyw\u00f3w gg znajdziesz na<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/yutannihilation.github.io\/allYourFigureAreBelongToUs\/ggthemes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stronie dokumentacji<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piramida populacji to wykres przedstawiaj\u0105cy rozk\u0142ad wieku i p\u0142ci w danej populacji. Jest to przydatny wykres umo\u017cliwiaj\u0105cy \u0142atwe zrozumienie sk\u0142adu populacji, a tak\u017ce aktualnego trendu wzrostu populacji. Je\u015bli piramida populacji ma kszta\u0142t prostok\u0105ta, oznacza to, \u017ce populacja ro\u015bnie wolniej; starsze pokolenia s\u0105 zast\u0119powane przez nowe pokolenia mniej wi\u0119cej tej samej wielko\u015bci. Je\u015bli piramida populacji ma [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-przewodnik"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Jak stworzy\u0107 piramid\u0119 populacji w R - Statology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak \u0142atwo utworzy\u0107 piramid\u0119 populacji w j\u0119zyku R.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/piramida-wieku-w-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak stworzy\u0107 piramid\u0119 populacji w R - Statology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak \u0142atwo utworzy\u0107 piramid\u0119 populacji w j\u0119zyku R.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/piramida-wieku-w-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-29T17:59:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/piramida-wieku-w-r\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/piramida-wieku-w-r\/\",\"name\":\"Jak stworzy\u0107 piramid\u0119 populacji w R - Statology\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-29T17:59:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-29T17:59:32+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\"},\"description\":\"W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak \u0142atwo utworzy\u0107 piramid\u0119 populacji w j\u0119zyku R.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/piramida-wieku-w-r\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/piramida-wieku-w-r\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/piramida-wieku-w-r\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Jak stworzy\u0107 piramid\u0119 populacji w r\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"Tw\u00f3j przewodnik po kompetencjach statystycznych!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\",\"name\":\"Benjamin Anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Benjamin Anderson\"},\"description\":\"Cze\u015b\u0107, jestem Benjamin i jestem emerytowanym profesorem statystyki, kt\u00f3ry zosta\u0142 oddanym nauczycielem Statorials. 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