{"id":907,"date":"2023-07-28T08:34:13","date_gmt":"2023-07-28T08:34:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/slupki-bledow-pythona\/"},"modified":"2023-07-28T08:34:13","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T08:34:13","slug":"slupki-bledow-pythona","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/slupki-bledow-pythona\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak doda\u0107 s\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w do wykres\u00f3w w pythonie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cz\u0119sto mo\u017cesz chcie\u0107 doda\u0107 <strong>s\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w<\/strong> do wykres\u00f3w w Pythonie, aby uchwyci\u0107 niepewno\u015b\u0107 dotycz\u0105c\u0105 pomiar\u00f3w lub obliczonych warto\u015bci. Na szcz\u0119\u015bcie mo\u017cna to \u0142atwo zrobi\u0107, korzystaj\u0105c z biblioteki matplotlib.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak dodawa\u0107 s\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w do wykres\u00f3w s\u0142upkowych i wykres\u00f3w liniowych w j\u0119zyku Python.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>S\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w na wykresach s\u0142upkowych<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Za\u0142\u00f3\u017cmy, \u017ce w Pythonie mamy nast\u0119puj\u0105cy zestaw danych sk\u0142adaj\u0105cy si\u0119 z 10 warto\u015bci:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">import<\/span> numpy <span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">as<\/span> np\n<span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">import<\/span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">as<\/span> plt\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define dataset<\/span>\ndata = [4, 6, 6, 8, 9, 14, 16, 16, 17, 20]<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aby utworzy\u0107 wykres s\u0142upkowy ze s\u0142upkami b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w dla tego zestawu danych, mo\u017cemy ustawi\u0107 szeroko\u015b\u0107 s\u0142upk\u00f3w b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w jako <strong>b\u0142\u0105d standardowy<\/strong> , kt\u00f3ry jest obliczany<\/span><strong><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>B\u0142\u0105d standardowy = s \/ \u221an<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Z\u0142oto:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>s:<\/strong> odchylenie standardowe pr\u00f3bki<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>n:<\/strong> wielko\u015b\u0107 pr\u00f3bki<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poni\u017cszy kod pokazuje, jak obliczy\u0107 b\u0142\u0105d standardowy w tym przyk\u0142adzie:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate standard error<\/span>\nstd_error = np.std(data, ddof=1) \/ np.sqrt(len(data))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view standard error<\/span>\nstd_error\n\n1.78\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Na koniec mo\u017cemy utworzy\u0107 wykres s\u0142upkowy, korzystaj\u0105c ze s\u0142upk\u00f3w b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w o szeroko\u015bci r\u00f3wnej b\u0142\u0119dowi standardowemu:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define chart<\/span> \nfig, ax = plt.subplots()\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create chart<\/span>\nax.bar(x=np.arange(len(data)), <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#x-coordinates of bars<\/span>\n       height=data, <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#height of bars<\/span>\n       yerr=std_error, <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#error bar width<\/span>\n       capsize=4) <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#length of error bar caps<\/span><\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9718 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/erreur_bar_python1.png\" alt=\"Wykres s\u0142upkowy ze s\u0142upkami b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w w Pythonie\" width=\"438\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">B\u0142\u0105d standardowy okaza\u0142 si\u0119 <strong>1,78<\/strong> . Jest to szeroko\u015b\u0107 s\u0142upka b\u0142\u0119du rozci\u0105gaj\u0105cego si\u0119 w dowolnym kierunku od szacunk\u00f3w punktowych na wykresie. Na przyk\u0142ad warto\u015b\u0107 pierwszego s\u0142upka na wykresie wynosi 4, zatem s\u0142upek b\u0142\u0119du rozci\u0105ga si\u0119 od:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Dolny koniec: 4 \u2013 178 = <strong>2,22<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">G\u00f3rny koniec: 4 + 1,78 = <strong>5,78<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ka\u017cdy s\u0142upek b\u0142\u0119du na wykresie ma t\u0119 sam\u0105 szeroko\u015b\u0107.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>S\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w na wykresach liniowych<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poni\u017cszy kod pokazuje, jak utworzy\u0107 wykres liniowy ze s\u0142upkami b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w dla tego samego zestawu danych:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">import<\/span> numpy <span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">as<\/span> np\n<span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">import<\/span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">as<\/span> plt\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define data<\/span>\ndata = [4, 6, 6, 8, 9, 14, 16, 16, 17, 20]\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define x and y coordinates\n<\/span>x = np.arange(len(data))\ny = data\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create line chart with error bars\n<\/span>fig, ax = plt.subplots()\n\nax.errorbar(x, y,\n            yerr=std_error,\n            capsize=4)<\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9720 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/erreur_bar_python2.png\" alt=\"Wykres liniowy ze s\u0142upkami b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w w Pythonie\" width=\"397\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Zauwa\u017c, \u017ce argument <strong>yerr<\/strong> m\u00f3wi Pythonowi, aby utworzy\u0142 pionowe s\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w. Zamiast tego mogliby\u015bmy u\u017cy\u0107 poziomych pionowych pask\u00f3w, u\u017cywaj\u0105c argumentu <strong>xerr<\/strong> :<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create line chart with horizontal error bars\n<\/span>fig, ax = plt.subplots()\n\nax.errorbar(x, y,\n            <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">xerr<\/span> =std_error,\n            capsize=4)<\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9721 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/erreur_bar_python3.png\" alt=\"S\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w na wykresie Pythona\" width=\"418\" height=\"289\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Wi\u0119cej samouczk\u00f3w dotycz\u0105cych Pythona znajdziesz <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tutaj<\/a> .<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cz\u0119sto mo\u017cesz chcie\u0107 doda\u0107 s\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w do wykres\u00f3w w Pythonie, aby uchwyci\u0107 niepewno\u015b\u0107 dotycz\u0105c\u0105 pomiar\u00f3w lub obliczonych warto\u015bci. Na szcz\u0119\u015bcie mo\u017cna to \u0142atwo zrobi\u0107, korzystaj\u0105c z biblioteki matplotlib. W tym samouczku wyja\u015bniono, jak dodawa\u0107 s\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w do wykres\u00f3w s\u0142upkowych i wykres\u00f3w liniowych w j\u0119zyku Python. S\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w na wykresach s\u0142upkowych Za\u0142\u00f3\u017cmy, \u017ce w Pythonie mamy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-907","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-przewodnik"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Jak doda\u0107 s\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w do wykres\u00f3w w Pythonie - Statologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Proste wyja\u015bnienie, jak doda\u0107 s\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w do wykres\u00f3w w Pythonie.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/slupki-bledow-pythona\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak doda\u0107 s\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w do wykres\u00f3w w Pythonie - Statologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Proste wyja\u015bnienie, jak doda\u0107 s\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w do wykres\u00f3w w Pythonie.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/slupki-bledow-pythona\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-28T08:34:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/erreur_bar_python1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/slupki-bledow-pythona\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/slupki-bledow-pythona\/\",\"name\":\"Jak doda\u0107 s\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w do wykres\u00f3w w Pythonie - Statologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-28T08:34:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-28T08:34:13+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\"},\"description\":\"Proste wyja\u015bnienie, jak doda\u0107 s\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w do wykres\u00f3w w Pythonie.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/slupki-bledow-pythona\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/slupki-bledow-pythona\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/slupki-bledow-pythona\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Jak doda\u0107 s\u0142upki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w do wykres\u00f3w w pythonie\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"Tw\u00f3j przewodnik po kompetencjach statystycznych!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\",\"name\":\"Benjamin Anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Benjamin Anderson\"},\"description\":\"Cze\u015b\u0107, jestem Benjamin i jestem emerytowanym profesorem statystyki, kt\u00f3ry zosta\u0142 oddanym nauczycielem Statorials. 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