{"id":917,"date":"2023-07-28T07:46:37","date_gmt":"2023-07-28T07:46:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wartosc-p-t-wyniku-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-28T07:46:37","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T07:46:37","slug":"wartosc-p-t-wyniku-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wartosc-p-t-wyniku-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak obliczy\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 p wyniku t w r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cz\u0119sto w statystyce chcemy okre\u015bli\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 p zwi\u0105zan\u0105 z pewnym wynikiem t wynikaj\u0105cym z <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/testowanie-hipotez-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">testu hipotezy<\/a> . Je\u015bli ta warto\u015b\u0107 p jest poni\u017cej pewnego poziomu istotno\u015bci, mo\u017cemy odrzuci\u0107 hipotez\u0119 zerow\u0105 w naszym te\u015bcie hipotez.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aby znale\u017a\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 p zwi\u0105zan\u0105 z wynikiem t w R, mo\u017cemy u\u017cy\u0107 funkcji pt(), kt\u00f3ra wykorzystuje nast\u0119puj\u0105c\u0105 sk\u0142adni\u0119:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>pt(q, df, dolny.ogon = PRAWDA)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Z\u0142oto:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>p:<\/strong> Wynik T<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>df:<\/strong> Stopnie swobody<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>less.tail:<\/strong> Je\u015bli PRAWDA, zwracane jest lewe prawdopodobie\u0144stwo <strong>q<\/strong> w rozk\u0142adzie t. Je\u015bli FALSE, zwracane jest prawdopodobie\u0144stwo w prawo. Warto\u015b\u0107 domy\u015blna to PRAWDA.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poni\u017csze przyk\u0142ady ilustruj\u0105, jak znale\u017a\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 p zwi\u0105zan\u0105 z wynikiem t dla testu lewostronnego, testu prawostronnego i testu dwustronnego.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <strong>Lewy test<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Za\u0142\u00f3\u017cmy, \u017ce chcemy znale\u017a\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 p zwi\u0105zan\u0105 z wynikiem t wynosz\u0105cym <strong>-0,77<\/strong> i df = <strong>15<\/strong> w te\u015bcie lewej hipotezy.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find p-value<\/span>\npt(q=-.77, df=15, lower.tail= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">TRUE<\/span> )\n\n[1] 0.2266283\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p data-slot-rendered-dynamic=\"true\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Warto\u015b\u0107 p wynosi <strong>0,2266<\/strong> . Je\u015bli zastosujemy poziom istotno\u015bci \u03b1 = 0,05, nie odrzucimy hipotezy zerowej naszego testu hipotezy, poniewa\u017c ta warto\u015b\u0107 p jest nie mniejsza ni\u017c 0,05.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <strong>W\u0142a\u015bciwy test<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Za\u0142\u00f3\u017cmy, \u017ce chcemy znale\u017a\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 p zwi\u0105zan\u0105 z wynikiem t wynosz\u0105cym <strong>1,87<\/strong> i df = <strong>24<\/strong> w te\u015bcie prawicowej hipotezy.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find p-value<\/span>\npt(q=1.87, df=24, lower.tail= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">FALSE<\/span> )\n\n[1] 0.03686533\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Warto\u015b\u0107 p wynosi <strong>0,0368<\/strong> . Je\u015bli zastosujemy poziom istotno\u015bci \u03b1 = 0,05, odrzucimy hipotez\u0119 zerow\u0105 naszego testu hipotezy, poniewa\u017c ta warto\u015b\u0107 p jest mniejsza ni\u017c 0,05.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Test dwustronny<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Za\u0142\u00f3\u017cmy, \u017ce chcemy znale\u017a\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 p zwi\u0105zan\u0105 z wynikiem t wynosz\u0105cym <strong>1,24<\/strong> i df = <strong>22<\/strong> w dwustronnym te\u015bcie hipotezy.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find two-tailed p-value<\/span>\n2*pt(q=1.24, df=22, lower.tail= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">FALSE<\/span> )\n\n[1] 0.228039\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <em style=\"color: #000000;\">Aby znale\u017a\u0107 t\u0119 dwustronn\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107 p, po prostu pomno\u017cyli\u015bmy jednostronn\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107 p przez dwa.<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-slot-rendered-dynamic=\"true\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Warto\u015b\u0107 p wynosi <strong>0,2280<\/strong> . Je\u015bli zastosujemy poziom istotno\u015bci \u03b1 = 0,05, nie odrzucimy hipotezy zerowej naszego testu hipotezy, poniewa\u017c ta warto\u015b\u0107 p jest nie mniejsza ni\u017c 0,05.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-slot-rendered-dynamic=\"true\"> <em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Powi\u0105zane:<\/strong> Mo\u017cesz tak\u017ce skorzysta\u0107 z internetowego <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/kalkulator-wartosci-p-wyniku-t\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kalkulatora wsp\u00f3\u0142czynnika T do warto\u015bci P,<\/a> aby znale\u017a\u0107 warto\u015bci p.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cz\u0119sto w statystyce chcemy okre\u015bli\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 p zwi\u0105zan\u0105 z pewnym wynikiem t wynikaj\u0105cym z testu hipotezy . Je\u015bli ta warto\u015b\u0107 p jest poni\u017cej pewnego poziomu istotno\u015bci, mo\u017cemy odrzuci\u0107 hipotez\u0119 zerow\u0105 w naszym te\u015bcie hipotez. Aby znale\u017a\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 p zwi\u0105zan\u0105 z wynikiem t w R, mo\u017cemy u\u017cy\u0107 funkcji pt(), kt\u00f3ra wykorzystuje nast\u0119puj\u0105c\u0105 sk\u0142adni\u0119: pt(q, df, dolny.ogon [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-przewodnik"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Jak obliczy\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 P wyniku T w R - Statologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Proste wyja\u015bnienie, jak obliczy\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 p wyniku t w R, w tym kilka przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wartosc-p-t-wyniku-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak obliczy\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 P wyniku T w R - Statologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Proste wyja\u015bnienie, jak obliczy\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 p wyniku t w R, w tym kilka przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wartosc-p-t-wyniku-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-28T07:46:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Benjamin Anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wartosc-p-t-wyniku-r\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wartosc-p-t-wyniku-r\/\",\"name\":\"Jak obliczy\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 P wyniku T w R - Statologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-28T07:46:37+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-28T07:46:37+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\"},\"description\":\"Proste wyja\u015bnienie, jak obliczy\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 p wyniku t w R, w tym kilka przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wartosc-p-t-wyniku-r\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wartosc-p-t-wyniku-r\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wartosc-p-t-wyniku-r\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Jak obliczy\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 p wyniku t w r\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"Tw\u00f3j przewodnik po kompetencjach statystycznych!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6484727a4612df3e69f016c3129c6965\",\"name\":\"Benjamin Anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Benjamin Anderson\"},\"description\":\"Cze\u015b\u0107, jestem Benjamin i jestem emerytowanym profesorem statystyki, kt\u00f3ry zosta\u0142 oddanym nauczycielem Statorials. 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