{"id":1113,"date":"2023-07-27T15:08:14","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T15:08:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/autocorrelacao-em-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-27T15:08:14","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T15:08:14","slug":"autocorrelacao-em-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/autocorrelacao-em-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Como calcular a autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o em r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>A autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> mede o grau de similaridade entre uma s\u00e9rie temporal e uma vers\u00e3o defasada dela mesma em intervalos de tempo sucessivos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00c0s vezes tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 chamada de \u201ccorrela\u00e7\u00e3o serial\u201d ou \u201ccorrela\u00e7\u00e3o defasada\u201d porque mede a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre os valores atuais de uma vari\u00e1vel e seus valores hist\u00f3ricos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Quando a autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o em uma s\u00e9rie temporal \u00e9 alta, torna-se f\u00e1cil prever valores futuros simplesmente referindo-se a valores passados.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <strong>Como calcular a autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o em R<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suponha que temos a seguinte s\u00e9rie temporal em R que mostra o valor de uma determinada vari\u00e1vel para 15 per\u00edodos diferentes:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define data<\/span>\nx &lt;- c(22, 24, 25, 25, 28, 29, 34, 37, 40, 44, 51, 48, 47, 50, 51)\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos calcular a autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o para cada atraso na s\u00e9rie temporal usando a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>acf()<\/strong> da biblioteca <strong>tseries<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #107d3f;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">(tseries)<\/span>\n<\/span><\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate autocorrelations<\/span>\nacf(x, pl= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">FALSE<\/span> )\n\n     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 \n 1.000 0.832 0.656 0.491 0.279 0.031 -0.165 -0.304 -0.401 -0.458 -0.450 \n    11 \n-0.369 \n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A forma de interpretar o resultado \u00e9 a seguinte:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o no atraso 0 \u00e9 <strong>1<\/strong> .<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o no atraso 1 \u00e9 <strong>0,832<\/strong> .<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o no atraso 2 \u00e9 <strong>0,656<\/strong> .<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o no atraso 3 \u00e9 <strong>0,491<\/strong> .<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">E assim por diante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tamb\u00e9m podemos especificar o n\u00famero de atrasos a serem exibidos com o argumento <strong>lag<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate autocorrelations up to lag=5<\/span>\nacf(x, lag=5, pl= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">FALSE<\/span> )\n\nAutocorrelations of series 'x', by lag\n\n    0 1 2 3 4 5 \n1.000 0.832 0.656 0.491 0.279 0.031<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <strong>Como tra\u00e7ar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o em R<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos tra\u00e7ar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o para uma s\u00e9rie temporal em R simplesmente n\u00e3o usando o argumento <strong>pl=FALSE<\/strong> :<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#plot autocorrelation function\n<\/span>acf(x)\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11307 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/autocorrelationr1.png\" alt=\"Autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o em R\" width=\"428\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O eixo x exibe o n\u00famero de defasagens e o eixo y exibe a autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o nesse n\u00famero de defasagens. Por padr\u00e3o, o gr\u00e1fico come\u00e7a em lag = 0 e a autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o sempre ser\u00e1 <strong>1<\/strong> em lag = 0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Voc\u00ea tamb\u00e9m pode especificar um t\u00edtulo diferente para o gr\u00e1fico usando o argumento <strong>principal<\/strong> :<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#plot autocorrelation function with custom title\n<\/span>acf(x, main=' <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Autocorrelation by Lag<\/span> ')<\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11309 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/autocorrelationr2.png\" alt=\"Gr\u00e1fico de autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o em R\" width=\"437\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/autocorrelacao-python\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Como calcular a autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o em Python<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/autocorrelacao-do-excel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Como calcular a autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o no Excel<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o mede o grau de similaridade entre uma s\u00e9rie temporal e uma vers\u00e3o defasada dela mesma em intervalos de tempo sucessivos. \u00c0s vezes tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 chamada de \u201ccorrela\u00e7\u00e3o serial\u201d ou \u201ccorrela\u00e7\u00e3o defasada\u201d porque mede a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre os valores atuais de uma vari\u00e1vel e seus valores hist\u00f3ricos. Quando a autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o em uma s\u00e9rie temporal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como calcular a autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o em R - Estatologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como calcular a autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o em R, com um exemplo.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/autocorrelacao-em-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como calcular a autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o em R - Estatologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como calcular a autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o em R, com um exemplo.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/autocorrelacao-em-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-27T15:08:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/autocorrelationr1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/autocorrelacao-em-r\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/autocorrelacao-em-r\/\",\"name\":\"Como calcular a autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o em R - Estatologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-27T15:08:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-27T15:08:14+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como calcular a autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o em R, com um exemplo.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/autocorrelacao-em-r\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/autocorrelacao-em-r\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/autocorrelacao-em-r\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como calcular a autocorrela\u00e7\u00e3o em r\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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