{"id":1182,"date":"2023-07-27T09:13:26","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T09:13:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/converter-strings-em-datas-em-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-27T09:13:26","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T09:13:26","slug":"converter-strings-em-datas-em-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/converter-strings-em-datas-em-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Como converter strings em datas em r (com exemplos)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Freq\u00fcentemente, quando voc\u00ea importa dados de data e hora para R, os valores ser\u00e3o importados como strings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A maneira mais f\u00e1cil de converter strings em datas em R \u00e9 usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>as.Date()<\/strong> , que usa a seguinte sintaxe:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>like.Date(x, formato)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ouro:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>x:<\/strong> Um \u00fanico valor de string ou vetor de valores de string.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>format:<\/strong> O formato a ser usado para a data. O padr\u00e3o \u00e9 AAAA-MM-DD.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Voc\u00ea pode usar o comando <strong>?strftime<\/strong> em R para exibir uma lista completa de argumentos dispon\u00edveis para usar no formato de data, mas os mais comuns incluem:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>%d:<\/strong> Dia do m\u00eas como n\u00famero decimal (01-31)<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>%m:<\/strong> M\u00eas como n\u00famero decimal (01-12)<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>%y:<\/strong> Ano sem s\u00e9culo (por exemplo 04)<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>%Y:<\/strong> Ano com s\u00e9culo (por exemplo 2004)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este tutorial mostra v\u00e1rios exemplos de uso pr\u00e1tico da fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>as.Date()<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 1: Converter uma \u00fanica string em uma data<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O c\u00f3digo a seguir mostra como converter um \u00fanico valor de string em uma data:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create string value<\/span>\nx &lt;- c(\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2021-07-24<\/span> \")\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#convert string to date<\/span>\nnew &lt;- as.Date(x, format=\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">%Y-%m-%d<\/span> \")\nnew\n\n[1] \"2021-07-24\"\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#check class of new variable\n<\/span>class(new)\n\n[1] \u201cDate\u201d\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 2: Converter um vetor de strings em datas<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O c\u00f3digo a seguir mostra como converter um vetor de strings em datas:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create vector of strings<\/span>\nx &lt;- c(\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2021-07-24<\/span> \", \" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2021-07-26<\/span> \", \" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2021-07-30<\/span> \")\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#convert string to date<\/span>\nnew &lt;- as.Date(x, format=\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">%Y-%m-%d<\/span> \")\nnew\n\n[1] \"2021-07-24\" \"2021-07-26\" \"2021-07-30\"\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#check class of new variable\n<\/span>class(new)\n\n[1] \u201cDate\u201d<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 3: Converter uma coluna de quadro de dados em datas<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O c\u00f3digo a seguir mostra como converter uma coluna de blockchains de dados em datas:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data frame<\/span>\ndf &lt;- data.frame(day = c(\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2021-07-24<\/span> \", \" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2021-07-26<\/span> \", \" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2021-07-30<\/span> \"),\n                 sales=c(22, 25, 28),\n                 products=c(3, 6, 7))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view structure of data frame\n<\/span>str(df)\n\n'data.frame': 3 obs. of 3 variables:\n $ day: Factor w\/ 3 levels \"2021-07-24\",\"2021-07-26\",..: 1 2 3\n $ sales: num 22 25 28\n $products: num 3 6 7\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#convert <i>day<\/i> variable to date<\/span>\ndf$day &lt;- as.Date(df$day, format=\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">%Y-%m-%d<\/span> \")\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view structure of new data frame\n<\/span>str(df)\n\n'data.frame': 3 obs. of 3 variables:\n $day: Date, format: \"2021-07-24\" \"2021-07-26\" ...\n $ sales: num 22 25 28\n $products: num 3 6 7\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 4: converter v\u00e1rias colunas de quadro de data em datas<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O c\u00f3digo a seguir mostra como converter m\u00faltiplas colunas de blockchains de dados em datas:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data frame<\/span>\ndf &lt;- data.frame(start = c(\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2021-07-24<\/span> \", \" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2021-07-26<\/span> \", \" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2021-07-30<\/span> \"),\n                 end = c(\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2021-07-25<\/span> \", \" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2021-07-28<\/span> \", \" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2021-08-02<\/span> \"),\n                 products=c(3, 6, 7))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view structure of data frame\n<\/span>str(df)\n\n'data.frame': 3 obs. of 3 variables:\n $ start: Factor w\/ 3 levels \"2021-07-24\",\"2021-07-26\",..: 1 2 3\n $ end: Factor w\/ 3 levels \"2021-07-25\",\"2021-07-28\",..: 1 2 3\n $products: num 3 6 7\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#convert <i>start<\/i> and <em>end<\/em> variables to date<\/span>\ndf[,c(' <span style=\"color: #008000;\">start<\/span> ', ' <span style=\"color: #008000;\">end<\/span> ')] = <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">lapply<\/span> (df[,c(' <span style=\"color: #008000;\">start<\/span> ', ' <span style=\"color: #008000;\">end<\/span> ')],\n                                function(x) as.Date(x, format=\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">%Y-%m-%d<\/span> \"))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view structure of new data frame\n<\/span>str(df)\n\n'data.frame': 3 obs. of 3 variables:\n $start: Date, format: \"2021-07-24\" \"2021-07-26\" ...\n $end: Date, format: \"2021-07-25\" \"2021-07-28\" ...\n $products: num 3 6 7<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Voc\u00ea pode aprender mais sobre a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>lapply()<\/strong> usada neste exemplo <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/um-guia-para-aplicar-lapply-sapply-e-tapply-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">aqui<\/a> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os tutoriais a seguir oferecem informa\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais sobre como trabalhar com datas em R:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/formato-de-data\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">O guia completo para formatos de data em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/classificar-por-data-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Como classificar um dataframe por data em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/extrair-ano-da-data-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Como extrair o ano da data em R<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Freq\u00fcentemente, quando voc\u00ea importa dados de data e hora para R, os valores ser\u00e3o importados como strings. A maneira mais f\u00e1cil de converter strings em datas em R \u00e9 usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o as.Date() , que usa a seguinte sintaxe: like.Date(x, formato) Ouro: x: Um \u00fanico valor de string ou vetor de valores de string. format: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como converter strings em datas em R (com exemplos)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como converter strings em datas em R, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/converter-strings-em-datas-em-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como converter strings em datas em R (com exemplos)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como converter strings em datas em R, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/converter-strings-em-datas-em-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-27T09:13:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/converter-strings-em-datas-em-r\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/converter-strings-em-datas-em-r\/\",\"name\":\"Como converter strings em datas em R (com exemplos)\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-27T09:13:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-27T09:13:26+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como converter strings em datas em R, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/converter-strings-em-datas-em-r\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/converter-strings-em-datas-em-r\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/converter-strings-em-datas-em-r\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como converter strings em datas em r (com exemplos)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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