{"id":1219,"date":"2023-07-27T06:02:37","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T06:02:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/arvores-de-classificacao-e-regressao-em-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-27T06:02:37","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T06:02:37","slug":"arvores-de-classificacao-e-regressao-em-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/arvores-de-classificacao-e-regressao-em-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Como ajustar \u00e1rvores de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o e regress\u00e3o em r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Quando a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre um conjunto de vari\u00e1veis preditoras e uma <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/respostas-explicativas-das-variaveis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vari\u00e1vel de resposta<\/a> \u00e9 linear, m\u00e9todos como <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-linear-multipla\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a regress\u00e3o linear m\u00faltipla<\/a> podem produzir modelos preditivos precisos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">No entanto, quando a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre um conjunto de preditores e uma resposta \u00e9 mais complexa, os m\u00e9todos n\u00e3o lineares podem frequentemente produzir modelos mais precisos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Um desses m\u00e9todos s\u00e3o <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/arvores-de-classificacao-e-regressao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">as \u00e1rvores de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o e regress\u00e3o<\/a> (CART), que usam um conjunto de vari\u00e1veis preditoras para criar \u00e1rvores de decis\u00e3o que preveem o valor de uma vari\u00e1vel de resposta.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Se a vari\u00e1vel resposta for cont\u00ednua podemos construir \u00e1rvores de regress\u00e3o e se a vari\u00e1vel resposta for categ\u00f3rica podemos construir \u00e1rvores de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este tutorial explica como criar \u00e1rvores de regress\u00e3o e classifica\u00e7\u00e3o em R.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 1: Construindo uma \u00c1rvore de Regress\u00e3o em R<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Para este exemplo, usaremos o conjunto de dados <strong>Hitters<\/strong> do pacote <strong>ISLR<\/strong> , que cont\u00e9m diversas informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre 263 jogadores profissionais de beisebol.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Usaremos esse conjunto de dados para construir uma \u00e1rvore de regress\u00e3o que usa as vari\u00e1veis preditoras <em>de home runs<\/em> e <em>anos jogados<\/em> para prever o <em>sal\u00e1rio<\/em> de um determinado jogador.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Use as etapas a seguir para criar esta \u00e1rvore de regress\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Passo 1: Carregue os pacotes necess\u00e1rios.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Primeiro, carregaremos os pacotes necess\u00e1rios para este exemplo:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> (ISLR) <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#contains Hitters dataset<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> (rpart) <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#for fitting decision trees<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> (rpart.plot) <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#for plotting decision trees\n<\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 2: Construa a \u00e1rvore de regress\u00e3o inicial.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Primeiro, construiremos uma grande \u00e1rvore de regress\u00e3o inicial. Podemos garantir que a \u00e1rvore \u00e9 grande usando um valor pequeno para <strong>cp<\/strong> , que significa \u201cpar\u00e2metro de complexidade\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Isso significa que realizaremos divis\u00f5es adicionais na \u00e1rvore de regress\u00e3o, desde que o R-quadrado geral do modelo aumente pelo menos o valor especificado por cp.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Em seguida, usaremos a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>printcp()<\/strong> para imprimir os resultados do modelo:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#build the initial tree\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">tree &lt;- rpart(Salary ~ Years + HmRun, data=Hitters, control=rpart. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">control<\/span> (cp= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">.0001<\/span> ))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view results<\/span>\nprintcp(tree)\n\nVariables actually used in tree construction:\n[1] HmRun Years\n\nRoot node error: 53319113\/263 = 202734\n\nn=263 (59 observations deleted due to missingness)\n\n           CP nsplit rel error xerror xstd\n1 0.24674996 0 1.00000 1.00756 0.13890\n2 0.10806932 1 0.75325 0.76438 0.12828\n3 0.01865610 2 0.64518 0.70295 0.12769\n4 0.01761100 3 0.62652 0.70339 0.12337\n5 0.01747617 4 0.60891 0.70339 0.12337\n6 0.01038188 5 0.59144 0.66629 0.11817\n7 0.01038065 6 0.58106 0.65697 0.11687\n8 0.00731045 8 0.56029 0.67177 0.11913\n9 0.00714883 9 0.55298 0.67881 0.11960\n10 0.00708618 10 0.54583 0.68034 0.11988\n11 0.00516285 12 0.53166 0.68427 0.11997\n12 0.00445345 13 0.52650 0.68994 0.11996\n13 0.00406069 14 0.52205 0.68988 0.11940\n14 0.00264728 15 0.51799 0.68874 0.11916\n15 0.00196586 16 0.51534 0.68638 0.12043\n16 0.00016686 17 0.51337 0.67577 0.11635\n17 0.00010000 18 0.51321 0.67576 0.11615\nn=263 (59 observations deleted due to missingness)\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 3: podar a \u00e1rvore.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A seguir, podaremos a \u00e1rvore de regress\u00e3o para encontrar o valor ideal a ser usado para cp (o par\u00e2metro de complexidade) que leva ao menor erro de teste.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observe que o valor ideal para cp \u00e9 aquele que leva ao menor <strong>erro x<\/strong> na sa\u00edda anterior, que representa o erro nas observa\u00e7\u00f5es dos dados de valida\u00e7\u00e3o cruzada.<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#identify best cp value to use\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">best &lt;- tree$cptable[which. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">min<\/span> (tree$cptable[,\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">xerror<\/span> \"]),\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">CP<\/span> \"]\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#produce a pruned tree based on the best cp value\n<\/span>pruned_tree &lt;- <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">prune<\/span> (tree, cp=best)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#plot the pruned tree\n<\/span>prp(pruned_tree,\n    faclen= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">0<\/span> , <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#use full names for factor labels<\/span>\n    extra= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">1<\/span> , <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#display number of obs. for each terminal node<\/span>\n    roundint= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">F<\/span> , <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#don't round to integers in output<\/span>\n    digits= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">5<\/span> ) <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#display 5 decimal places in output\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12094 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/arbre3.png\" alt=\"\u00c1rvore de regress\u00e3o em R\" width=\"425\" height=\"326\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos ver que a \u00e1rvore podada final possui seis n\u00f3s terminais. Cada n\u00f3 folha exibe o sal\u00e1rio previsto dos jogadores naquele n\u00f3, bem como o n\u00famero de observa\u00e7\u00f5es do conjunto de dados original que pertencem a essa categoria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por exemplo, podemos ver que no conjunto de dados original, havia 90 jogadores com menos de 4,5 anos de experi\u00eancia e seu sal\u00e1rio m\u00e9dio era de US$ 225,83 mil.<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12095 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/arbre4.png\" alt=\"Interpretando uma \u00e1rvore de regress\u00e3o em R\" width=\"403\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 4: use a \u00e1rvore para fazer previs\u00f5es.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos usar a \u00e1rvore podada final para prever o sal\u00e1rio de um determinado jogador com base em seus anos de experi\u00eancia e na m\u00e9dia de home runs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por exemplo, um jogador que tem 7 anos de experi\u00eancia e 4 home runs em m\u00e9dia tem um sal\u00e1rio esperado de <strong>$ 502,81 mil<\/strong> .<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12096 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/arbre5.png\" alt=\"Exemplo de \u00e1rvore de regress\u00e3o em R\" width=\"422\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>prever()<\/strong> em R para confirmar isso:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define new player\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">new &lt;- data.frame(Years=7, HmRun=4)\n\n<\/span>#use pruned tree to predict salary of this player\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">predict(pruned_tree, newdata=new)\n\n502.8079<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 2: Construindo uma \u00e1rvore de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o em R<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Para este exemplo, usaremos o conjunto de dados <strong>ptitanic<\/strong> do pacote <strong>rpart.plot<\/strong> , que cont\u00e9m diversas informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre os passageiros a bordo do Titanic.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Usaremos esse conjunto de dados para criar uma \u00e1rvore de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o que usa as vari\u00e1veis preditoras <em>class<\/em> , <em>sex<\/em> e <em>age<\/em> para prever se um determinado passageiro sobreviveu ou n\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Use as etapas a seguir para criar esta \u00e1rvore de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Passo 1: Carregue os pacotes necess\u00e1rios.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Primeiro, carregaremos os pacotes necess\u00e1rios para este exemplo:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> (rpart) <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#for fitting decision trees<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> (rpart.plot) <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#for plotting decision trees\n<\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 2: Construa a \u00e1rvore de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o inicial.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Primeiro, construiremos uma grande \u00e1rvore de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o inicial. Podemos garantir que a \u00e1rvore \u00e9 grande usando um valor pequeno para <strong>cp<\/strong> , que significa \u201cpar\u00e2metro de complexidade\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Isso significa que realizaremos outras divis\u00f5es na \u00e1rvore de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o, desde que o ajuste geral do modelo aumente pelo menos o valor especificado por cp.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Em seguida, usaremos a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>printcp()<\/strong> para imprimir os resultados do modelo:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#build the initial tree\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">tree &lt;- rpart(survived~pclass+sex+age, data=ptitanic, control=rpart. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">control<\/span> (cp= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">.0001<\/span> ))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view results<\/span>\nprintcp(tree)\n\nVariables actually used in tree construction:\n[1] age pclass sex   \n\nRoot node error: 500\/1309 = 0.38197\n\nn=1309 \n\n      CP nsplit rel error xerror xstd\n1 0.4240 0 1.000 1.000 0.035158\n2 0.0140 1 0.576 0.576 0.029976\n3 0.0095 3 0.548 0.578 0.030013\n4 0.0070 7 0.510 0.552 0.029517\n5 0.0050 9 0.496 0.528 0.029035\n6 0.0025 11 0.486 0.532 0.029117\n7 0.0020 19 0.464 0.536 0.029198\n8 0.0001 22 0.458 0.528 0.029035\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 3: podar a \u00e1rvore.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A seguir, podaremos a \u00e1rvore de regress\u00e3o para encontrar o valor ideal a ser usado para cp (o par\u00e2metro de complexidade) que leva ao menor erro de teste.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observe que o valor ideal para cp \u00e9 aquele que leva ao menor <strong>erro x<\/strong> na sa\u00edda anterior, que representa o erro nas observa\u00e7\u00f5es dos dados de valida\u00e7\u00e3o cruzada.<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#identify best cp value to use\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">best &lt;- tree$cptable[which. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">min<\/span> (tree$cptable[,\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">xerror<\/span> \"]),\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">CP<\/span> \"]\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#produce a pruned tree based on the best cp value\n<\/span>pruned_tree &lt;- <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">prune<\/span> (tree, cp=best)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#plot the pruned tree\n<\/span>prp(pruned_tree,\n    faclen= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">0<\/span> , #use full names for factor labels\n    extra= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">1<\/span> , #display number of obs. for each terminal node\n    roundint= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">F<\/span> , #don't round to integers in output\n    digits= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">5<\/span> ) #display 5 decimal places in output\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12098 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/arbre6.png\" alt=\"Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1rvore em R\" width=\"415\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos ver que a \u00e1rvore podada final possui 10 n\u00f3s terminais. Cada n\u00f3 terminal indica o n\u00famero de passageiros que morreram, bem como o n\u00famero de sobreviventes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por exemplo, no n\u00f3 mais \u00e0 esquerda vemos que 664 passageiros morreram e 136 sobreviveram.<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12099 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/arbre7.png\" alt=\"Interpretando a \u00e1rvore de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o em R\" width=\"462\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 4: use a \u00e1rvore para fazer previs\u00f5es.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos usar a \u00e1rvore podada final para prever a probabilidade de um determinado passageiro sobreviver com base em sua classe, idade e sexo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por exemplo, um passageiro do sexo masculino com 8 anos e na 1\u00aa classe tem uma probabilidade de sobreviv\u00eancia de 29\/11 = 37,9%.<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12100 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/arbre8.png\" alt=\"Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1rvore em R\" width=\"402\" height=\"417\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Voc\u00ea pode encontrar o c\u00f3digo R completo usado nesses exemplos <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Statorials\/R-Guides\/blob\/main\/CART_models.R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">aqui<\/a> .<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quando a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre um conjunto de vari\u00e1veis preditoras e uma vari\u00e1vel de resposta \u00e9 linear, m\u00e9todos como a regress\u00e3o linear m\u00faltipla podem produzir modelos preditivos precisos. No entanto, quando a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre um conjunto de preditores e uma resposta \u00e9 mais complexa, os m\u00e9todos n\u00e3o lineares podem frequentemente produzir modelos mais precisos. Um desses [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como ajustar \u00e1rvores de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o e regress\u00e3o em R<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como ajustar \u00e1rvores de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o e regress\u00e3o em R, com exemplos passo a passo.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/arvores-de-classificacao-e-regressao-em-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como ajustar \u00e1rvores de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o e regress\u00e3o em R\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como ajustar \u00e1rvores de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o e regress\u00e3o em R, com exemplos passo a passo.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/arvores-de-classificacao-e-regressao-em-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-27T06:02:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/arbre3.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/arvores-de-classificacao-e-regressao-em-r\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/arvores-de-classificacao-e-regressao-em-r\/\",\"name\":\"Como ajustar \u00e1rvores de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o e regress\u00e3o em R\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-27T06:02:37+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-27T06:02:37+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como ajustar \u00e1rvores de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o e regress\u00e3o em R, com exemplos passo a passo.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/arvores-de-classificacao-e-regressao-em-r\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/arvores-de-classificacao-e-regressao-em-r\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/arvores-de-classificacao-e-regressao-em-r\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como ajustar \u00e1rvores de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o e regress\u00e3o em r\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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