{"id":1304,"date":"2023-07-26T22:48:35","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T22:48:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-marginal\/"},"modified":"2023-07-26T22:48:35","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T22:48:35","slug":"distribuicao-marginal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-marginal\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 uma distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uma <strong>tabela de frequ\u00eancia bidirecional<\/strong> \u00e9 uma tabela que exibe as frequ\u00eancias (ou &#8220;contagens&#8221;) para duas vari\u00e1veis categ\u00f3ricas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por exemplo, a tabela bidirecional a seguir mostra os resultados de uma pesquisa que perguntou a 100 pessoas qual esporte elas preferiam: beisebol, basquete ou futebol americano.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">As linhas mostram o sexo do entrevistado e as colunas indicam o esporte escolhido:<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12767 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/marginal1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"365\" height=\"145\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Neste exemplo, existem duas vari\u00e1veis: Esportes e G\u00eanero.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uma <strong>distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal<\/strong> \u00e9 simplesmente a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de cada uma dessas vari\u00e1veis individuais. Numa tabela bidirecional, as distribui\u00e7\u00f5es marginais s\u00e3o mostradas nas <strong>margens<\/strong> da tabela:<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12768 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/marginal2.png\" alt=\"Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal\" width=\"484\" height=\"164\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por exemplo, dir\u00edamos que a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal do desporto \u00e9:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Beisebol:<\/strong> 36<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Basquete:<\/strong> 31<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Futebol:<\/strong> 33<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poder\u00edamos tamb\u00e9m escrever a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal dos desportos como uma percentagem (ou seja, num total de 100 entrevistados):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Beisebol:<\/strong> 36\/100 = 36%<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Basquete:<\/strong> 31\/100 = 31%<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Futebol:<\/strong> 33\/100 = 33%<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">E dir\u00edamos que a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal de g\u00e9nero \u00e9:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Masculino:<\/strong> 48 (ou 48%)<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Feminino:<\/strong> 52 (ou 52%)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><strong>Nota:<\/strong> As distribui\u00e7\u00f5es marginais sempre somam 100%.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Por que usar distribui\u00e7\u00f5es marginais?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">As distribui\u00e7\u00f5es marginais s\u00e3o \u00fateis porque, embora frequentemente recolhamos dados para duas vari\u00e1veis (como desporto e g\u00e9nero), por vezes temos quest\u00f5es espec\u00edficas sobre apenas uma vari\u00e1vel.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por exemplo, podemos querer saber a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o dos entrevistados com base apenas no g\u00e9nero.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Neste caso, poder\u00edamos usar a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal para descobrir que 48% dos entrevistados eram do sexo masculino e 52% dos entrevistados eram do sexo feminino.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Use os exemplos a seguir como pr\u00e1tica para entender melhor as distribui\u00e7\u00f5es marginais.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 1: Distribui\u00e7\u00f5es marginais para porcentagens<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A tabela bidirecional a seguir apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que perguntou a 238 pessoas que tipo de filme elas preferiam:<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12769 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/marginal3.png\" alt=\"Exemplo de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal com tabela bidirecional\" width=\"356\" height=\"137\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Pergunta:<\/strong> Qual \u00e9 a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal por g\u00eanero cinematogr\u00e1fico (em porcentagem)?<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Resposta:<\/strong> A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal dos g\u00eaneros cinematogr\u00e1ficos \u00e9 a seguinte:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Fantasia:<\/strong> 47\/238 = 19,7%<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Drama:<\/strong> 88\/238 = 37%<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>A\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> 103\/238 = 43,3%<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Pergunta:<\/strong> Qual \u00e9 a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal de g\u00e9nero (em percentagem)?<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Resposta:<\/strong> A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal por sexo \u00e9 a seguinte:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Homens:<\/strong> 122\/238 = 51,3%<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Mulheres:<\/strong> 116\/238 = 48,7%<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 2: Distribui\u00e7\u00f5es marginais para contas<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A tabela bidirecional a seguir mostra as notas dos exames de 64 alunos em uma turma com base no n\u00famero de horas que passaram estudando:<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12770 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/marginal4.png\" alt=\"Exemplo de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal\" width=\"353\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Pergunta:<\/strong> Qual \u00e9 a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal das notas dos exames (em n\u00fameros)?<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Resposta:<\/strong> A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal das notas dos exames \u00e9:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>71-80:<\/b> 22<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>81-90:<\/strong> 22<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>91-100:<\/strong> 20<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Pergunta:<\/strong> Qual \u00e9 a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal das horas estudadas (em n\u00famero)?<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Resposta:<\/strong> A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal das horas estudadas \u00e9:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1 hora:<\/strong> 14<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2 horas:<\/strong> 14<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3 horas:<\/strong> 16<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>4 horas:<\/strong> 20<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observe que o total da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal corresponde ao total da tabela de 64 alunos.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/estatistica-inferencial-descritiva\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Estat\u00edsticas descritivas ou inferenciais<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/variaveis-qualitativas-vs.-variaveis-quantitativas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vari\u00e1veis qualitativas e quantitativas<\/a><br \/> N\u00edveis de medi\u00e7\u00e3o: nominal, ordinal, intervalo e raz\u00e3o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uma tabela de frequ\u00eancia bidirecional \u00e9 uma tabela que exibe as frequ\u00eancias (ou &#8220;contagens&#8221;) para duas vari\u00e1veis categ\u00f3ricas. Por exemplo, a tabela bidirecional a seguir mostra os resultados de uma pesquisa que perguntou a 100 pessoas qual esporte elas preferiam: beisebol, basquete ou futebol americano. As linhas mostram o sexo do entrevistado e as colunas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 uma distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal? - Statorials<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial fornece uma introdu\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida \u00e0s distribui\u00e7\u00f5es marginais, incluindo uma defini\u00e7\u00e3o e exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-marginal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O que \u00e9 uma distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal? - Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial fornece uma introdu\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida \u00e0s distribui\u00e7\u00f5es marginais, incluindo uma defini\u00e7\u00e3o e exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-marginal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-26T22:48:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/marginal1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-marginal\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-marginal\/\",\"name\":\"O que \u00e9 uma distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal? - Statorials\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-26T22:48:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-26T22:48:35+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial fornece uma introdu\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida \u00e0s distribui\u00e7\u00f5es marginais, incluindo uma defini\u00e7\u00e3o e exemplos.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-marginal\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-marginal\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-marginal\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"O que \u00e9 uma distribui\u00e7\u00e3o marginal?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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