{"id":1308,"date":"2023-07-26T22:27:51","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T22:27:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/residuos-normalizados-do-excel\/"},"modified":"2023-07-26T22:27:51","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T22:27:51","slug":"residuos-normalizados-do-excel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/residuos-normalizados-do-excel\/","title":{"rendered":"Como calcular res\u00edduos padronizados no excel"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Um <strong>res\u00edduo<\/strong> \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a entre um valor observado e um valor previsto em um <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-linear-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">modelo de regress\u00e3o<\/a> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00c9 calculado da seguinte forma:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Residual = Valor observado \u2013 Valor previsto<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Se plotarmos os valores observados e sobrepormos a linha de regress\u00e3o ajustada, os res\u00edduos de cada <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/observacao-em-estatisticas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">observa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a> seriam a dist\u00e2ncia vertical entre a observa\u00e7\u00e3o e a linha de regress\u00e3o:<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12422 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/residus1-1.png\" alt=\"Exemplo de res\u00edduo nas estat\u00edsticas\" width=\"487\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Um tipo de res\u00edduo que costumamos usar para identificar valores discrepantes em um modelo de regress\u00e3o \u00e9 chamado <strong>de res\u00edduo padronizado<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00c9 calculado da seguinte forma:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>r <sub>eu<\/sub> = e <sub>eu<\/sub> \/ s(e <sub>eu<\/sub> )<\/strong> = <strong>e <sub>eu<\/sub> \/ RSE\u221a <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">1-h <sub>ii<\/sub><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ouro:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>e <sub>i<\/sub> :<\/strong> O i- <sup>\u00e9simo<\/sup> res\u00edduo<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>RSE:<\/strong> erro padr\u00e3o residual do modelo<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>h <sub>ii<\/sub><\/strong> : O surgimento da <sup>i-\u00e9sima<\/sup> observa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Na pr\u00e1tica, muitas vezes consideramos qualquer res\u00edduo padronizado cujo valor absoluto seja superior a 3 como um valor at\u00edpico.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este tutorial fornece um exemplo passo a passo de como calcular res\u00edduos padronizados no Excel.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Passo 1: Insira os dados<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Primeiro, inseriremos valores de um pequeno conjunto de dados no Excel:<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12803 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/sred1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"407\" height=\"387\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Passo 2: Calcular os res\u00edduos<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A seguir, navegaremos at\u00e9 a guia <strong>Dados<\/strong> na faixa superior e clicaremos em <strong>An\u00e1lise de Dados<\/strong> no grupo <strong>An\u00e1lise<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5292 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/deuxsampexcel3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"486\" height=\"185\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <em><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Se voc\u00ea ainda n\u00e3o instalou este suplemento, confira <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/como-carregar-o-pacote-de-ferramentas-de-analise-no-excel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">este tutorial<\/a> para saber como. \u00c9 f\u00e1cil de instalar e totalmente gratuito.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Depois de clicar em An\u00e1lise de Dados, clique na op\u00e7\u00e3o que diz <strong>Regress\u00e3o<\/strong> e clique em <strong>OK<\/strong> . Na nova janela que aparece, preencha as seguintes informa\u00e7\u00f5es e clique em <strong>OK<\/strong> :<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12804 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/sred2-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O res\u00edduo de cada observa\u00e7\u00e3o aparecer\u00e1 no resultado:<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12806 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/sred3.png\" alt=\"Res\u00edduos no Excel\" width=\"397\" height=\"410\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Copie e cole esses res\u00edduos em uma nova coluna pr\u00f3xima aos dados originais:<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12807 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/sred4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"406\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 3: calcular a alavancagem<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A seguir, precisamos calcular a alavancagem de cada observa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A imagem a seguir mostra como fazer isso:<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12808 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/sred5.png\" alt=\"Aproveitando o c\u00e1lculo no Excel para estat\u00edsticas\" width=\"443\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aqui est\u00e3o as f\u00f3rmulas usadas nas diferentes c\u00e9lulas:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>B14:<\/strong> =CONTAR(B2:B13)<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>B15:<\/strong> = M\u00c9DIA (B2: B13)<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>B16:<\/strong> =DESVQ(B2:B13)<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>E2:<\/strong> =1\/$B$14+(B2-$B$15)^2\/$B$16<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Passo 4: Calcular res\u00edduos padronizados<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Finalmente, podemos calcular os res\u00edduos padronizados usando a f\u00f3rmula:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>r <sub>eu<\/sub> =<\/strong> <strong>e <sub>eu<\/sub> \/ RSE\u221a <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">1-h <sub>ii<\/sub><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A <strong>RSC<\/strong> do modelo pode ser encontrada nos resultados do modelo anterior. Acontece que \u00e9 <strong>4,44<\/strong> :<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12809 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/sred6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"440\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Assim, podemos utilizar a seguinte f\u00f3rmula para calcular o res\u00edduo padronizado para cada observa\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12810 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/sred7.png\" alt=\"Res\u00edduos padronizados no Excel\" width=\"522\" height=\"367\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A partir dos resultados, podemos ver que nenhum dos res\u00edduos padronizados excede o valor absoluto de 3. Assim, nenhuma das observa\u00e7\u00f5es parece ser discrepante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Deve-se notar que, em alguns casos, os pesquisadores consideram observa\u00e7\u00f5es cujos res\u00edduos padronizados excedem um valor absoluto de 2 como outliers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Depende de voc\u00ea usar um valor absoluto de 2 ou 3 como limite para valores discrepantes, dependendo do problema espec\u00edfico no qual voc\u00ea est\u00e1 trabalhando.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/residuo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">O que s\u00e3o res\u00edduos?<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/residuos-padronizados\/\">O que s\u00e3o res\u00edduos padronizados?<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-linear-multipla\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 regress\u00e3o linear m\u00faltipla<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Um res\u00edduo \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a entre um valor observado e um valor previsto em um modelo de regress\u00e3o . \u00c9 calculado da seguinte forma: Residual = Valor observado \u2013 Valor previsto Se plotarmos os valores observados e sobrepormos a linha de regress\u00e3o ajustada, os res\u00edduos de cada observa\u00e7\u00e3o seriam a dist\u00e2ncia vertical entre a observa\u00e7\u00e3o [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - 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