{"id":1339,"date":"2023-07-26T19:43:30","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T19:43:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/encontrar-outliers-com-iqr\/"},"modified":"2023-07-26T19:43:30","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T19:43:30","slug":"encontrar-outliers-com-iqr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/encontrar-outliers-com-iqr\/","title":{"rendered":"Como encontrar outliers usando intervalo interquartil"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Um <strong>outlier<\/strong> \u00e9 uma <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/observacao-em-estatisticas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">observa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a> anormalmente distante de outros valores em um conjunto de dados. Valores discrepantes podem ser problem\u00e1ticos porque podem afetar os resultados de uma an\u00e1lise.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uma maneira comum de detectar valores discrepantes em um conjunto de dados \u00e9 usar o <strong>intervalo interquartil<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O intervalo interquartil, muitas vezes abreviado como IQR, \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a entre o percentil 25 (Q1) e o percentil 75 (Q3) num conjunto de dados. Mede a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o da m\u00e9dia de 50% dos valores.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Um m\u00e9todo popular \u00e9 declarar uma observa\u00e7\u00e3o como outlier se ela tiver um valor 1,5 vezes maior que o AIQ ou 1,5 vezes menor que o AIQ.<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13072 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/iqroutlier1.png\" alt=\"Encontrando valores discrepantes com IQR\" width=\"664\" height=\"176\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este tutorial fornece um exemplo passo a passo de como encontrar valores discrepantes em um conjunto de dados usando este m\u00e9todo.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 1: crie os dados<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suponha que temos o seguinte conjunto de dados:<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13073 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/iqroutlier2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"76\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 2: Identifique o primeiro e o terceiro quartil<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O primeiro quartil \u00e9 <strong>5<\/strong> e o terceiro quartil \u00e9 <strong>20,75<\/strong> .<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13074 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/iqroutlier3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"353\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Assim, o intervalo interquartil acaba sendo 20,75 -5 = <strong>15,75<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 3: Encontre os limites inferior e superior<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O limite inferior \u00e9 calculado da seguinte forma:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Limite inferior = Q1 \u2013 1,5*IQR = 5 \u2013 1,5*15,75 = <strong>-18,625<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">E o limite superior \u00e9 calculado da seguinte forma:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Limite superior = Q3 + 1,5*IQR = 20,75 + 1,5*15,75 = <strong>44,375<\/strong><\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13075 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/iqroutlier4.png\" alt=\"Encontrando valores discrepantes com o m\u00e9todo IQR\" width=\"371\" height=\"484\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 4: identificar valores discrepantes<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A \u00fanica observa\u00e7\u00e3o no conjunto de dados com um valor abaixo do limite inferior ou acima do limite superior \u00e9 <strong>46<\/strong> . Portanto, este \u00e9 o \u00fanico valor discrepante neste conjunto de dados.<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13076 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/iqroutlier5.png\" alt=\"Exemplo de localiza\u00e7\u00e3o de outliers com o intervalo interquartil\" width=\"368\" height=\"475\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Nota:<\/strong> Voc\u00ea pode usar esta calculadora de limites de valores discrepantes para encontrar automaticamente os limites superior e inferior de valores discrepantes em um determinado conjunto de dados.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Como encontrar outliers na pr\u00e1tica<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os tutoriais a seguir explicam como encontrar valores discrepantes usando o intervalo interquartil em diferentes softwares estat\u00edsticos:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/valores-discrepantes-do-excel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como encontrar valores discrepantes no Excel<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/remover-valores-discrepantes-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como encontrar outliers em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/remover-valores-discrepantes-python\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como encontrar valores discrepantes em Python<\/a><br \/> Como encontrar valores discrepantes no SPSS<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Um outlier \u00e9 uma observa\u00e7\u00e3o anormalmente distante de outros valores em um conjunto de dados. Valores discrepantes podem ser problem\u00e1ticos porque podem afetar os resultados de uma an\u00e1lise. Uma maneira comum de detectar valores discrepantes em um conjunto de dados \u00e9 usar o intervalo interquartil . O intervalo interquartil, muitas vezes abreviado como IQR, \u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como encontrar outliers usando intervalo interquartil<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como encontrar valores discrepantes usando o intervalo interquartil, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/encontrar-outliers-com-iqr\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como encontrar outliers usando intervalo interquartil\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como encontrar valores discrepantes usando o intervalo interquartil, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/encontrar-outliers-com-iqr\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-26T19:43:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/iqroutlier1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/encontrar-outliers-com-iqr\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/encontrar-outliers-com-iqr\/\",\"name\":\"Como encontrar outliers usando intervalo interquartil\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-26T19:43:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-26T19:43:30+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como encontrar valores discrepantes usando o intervalo interquartil, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/encontrar-outliers-com-iqr\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/encontrar-outliers-com-iqr\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/encontrar-outliers-com-iqr\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como encontrar outliers usando intervalo interquartil\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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