{"id":1408,"date":"2023-07-26T12:23:03","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T12:23:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/correlacao-vs-associacao\/"},"modified":"2023-07-26T12:23:03","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T12:23:03","slug":"correlacao-vs-associacao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/correlacao-vs-associacao\/","title":{"rendered":"Correla\u00e7\u00e3o vs. associa\u00e7\u00e3o: qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Dois termos \u00e0s vezes usados de forma intercambi\u00e1vel s\u00e3o <strong>correla\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> e <strong>associa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> . No entanto, no campo da estat\u00edstica, estes dois termos t\u00eam significados ligeiramente diferentes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Em particular, quando usamos a palavra <strong>correla\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> , geralmente estamos falando do <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/coeficiente-de-correlacao-de-pearson-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">coeficiente de correla\u00e7\u00e3o de Pearson<\/a> . \u00c9 uma medida de associa\u00e7\u00e3o linear entre duas <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/variaveis-aleatorias\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vari\u00e1veis aleat\u00f3rias<\/a> <em>X<\/em> e <em>Y.<\/em> Possui valor entre -1 e 1 onde:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">-1 indica uma correla\u00e7\u00e3o linear perfeitamente negativa entre duas vari\u00e1veis<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">0 indica nenhuma correla\u00e7\u00e3o linear entre duas vari\u00e1veis<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">1 indica uma correla\u00e7\u00e3o linear perfeitamente positiva entre duas vari\u00e1veis<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por outro lado, quando os estat\u00edsticos usam a palavra <strong>associa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> , eles podem estar se referindo a <em>qualquer<\/em> rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre duas vari\u00e1veis, seja ela linear <em>ou<\/em> n\u00e3o linear.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Para ilustrar essa ideia, considere os seguintes exemplos.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Visualizando correla\u00e7\u00e3o e associa\u00e7\u00e3o com nuvens de pontos<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Usamos duas palavras para descrever a correla\u00e7\u00e3o entre duas vari\u00e1veis aleat\u00f3rias:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1 dire\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Positivo:<\/strong> duas vari\u00e1veis aleat\u00f3rias t\u00eam uma correla\u00e7\u00e3o positiva se <em>Y<\/em> tende a aumentar \u00e0 medida que <em>X<\/em> aumenta.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Negativa:<\/strong> duas vari\u00e1veis aleat\u00f3rias t\u00eam uma correla\u00e7\u00e3o negativa se <em>Y<\/em> tende a diminuir \u00e0 medida que <em>X<\/em> aumenta.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2. For\u00e7a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Baixo:<\/strong> duas vari\u00e1veis aleat\u00f3rias t\u00eam uma correla\u00e7\u00e3o baixa se os pontos em um gr\u00e1fico de dispers\u00e3o estiverem esparsamente dispersos.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Forte:<\/strong> Duas vari\u00e1veis aleat\u00f3rias t\u00eam uma correla\u00e7\u00e3o forte se os pontos em um gr\u00e1fico de dispers\u00e3o estiverem agrupados.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os gr\u00e1ficos de dispers\u00e3o a seguir ilustram exemplos de cada tipo de correla\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13980 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/correlation_vs_association1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"595\" height=\"521\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Comparada \u00e0 correla\u00e7\u00e3o, a palavra <strong>associa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> pode nos dizer se existe ou n\u00e3o <em>uma<\/em> rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre duas vari\u00e1veis aleat\u00f3rias: linear <em>ou<\/em> n\u00e3o linear.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os gr\u00e1ficos de dispers\u00e3o a seguir ilustram alguns exemplos:<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13981 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/correlation_vs_association2.png\" alt=\"Correla\u00e7\u00e3o vs associa\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"598\" height=\"521\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O gr\u00e1fico de dispers\u00e3o no canto superior esquerdo ilustra uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o quadr\u00e1tica entre duas vari\u00e1veis aleat\u00f3rias, o que significa que <em>existe<\/em> uma associa\u00e7\u00e3o entre as duas vari\u00e1veis, mas n\u00e3o \u00e9 linear.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Se calcul\u00e1ssemos a correla\u00e7\u00e3o entre as duas vari\u00e1veis, provavelmente seria pr\u00f3xima de zero porque n\u00e3o existe uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o linear entre elas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">No entanto, saber simplesmente que a correla\u00e7\u00e3o entre as duas vari\u00e1veis \u00e9 zero pode ser enganador porque esconde o facto de que existe, em vez disso, uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o linear.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Correla\u00e7\u00e3o vs. associa\u00e7\u00e3o: um resumo<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os termos correla\u00e7\u00e3o e associa\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00eam as seguintes semelhan\u00e7as e diferen\u00e7as:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Semelhan\u00e7as:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ambos os termos s\u00e3o usados para descrever se existe ou n\u00e3o uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre duas vari\u00e1veis aleat\u00f3rias.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ambos os termos podem usar gr\u00e1ficos de dispers\u00e3o para analisar a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre duas vari\u00e1veis aleat\u00f3rias.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Diferen\u00e7as:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A correla\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00f3 pode nos dizer se duas vari\u00e1veis aleat\u00f3rias t\u00eam um relacionamento linear, enquanto a associa\u00e7\u00e3o pode nos dizer se duas vari\u00e1veis aleat\u00f3rias t\u00eam um relacionamento linear <em>ou<\/em> n\u00e3o linear.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A correla\u00e7\u00e3o quantifica a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre duas vari\u00e1veis aleat\u00f3rias usando um n\u00famero entre -1 e 1, mas a associa\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o usa um n\u00famero espec\u00edfico para quantificar uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/coeficiente-de-correlacao-de-pearson-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uma introdu\u00e7\u00e3o ao coeficiente de correla\u00e7\u00e3o de Pearson<\/a><br \/> Uma introdu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s nuvens de pontos<br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/correlacao-vs-regressao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Correla\u00e7\u00e3o vs regress\u00e3o: qual a diferen\u00e7a?<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dois termos \u00e0s vezes usados de forma intercambi\u00e1vel s\u00e3o correla\u00e7\u00e3o e associa\u00e7\u00e3o . No entanto, no campo da estat\u00edstica, estes dois termos t\u00eam significados ligeiramente diferentes. Em particular, quando usamos a palavra correla\u00e7\u00e3o , geralmente estamos falando do coeficiente de correla\u00e7\u00e3o de Pearson . \u00c9 uma medida de associa\u00e7\u00e3o linear entre duas vari\u00e1veis aleat\u00f3rias X [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Correla\u00e7\u00e3o vs. associa\u00e7\u00e3o: qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica a diferen\u00e7a entre correla\u00e7\u00e3o e associa\u00e7\u00e3o, incluindo defini\u00e7\u00f5es e exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/correlacao-vs-associacao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Correla\u00e7\u00e3o vs. associa\u00e7\u00e3o: qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica a diferen\u00e7a entre correla\u00e7\u00e3o e associa\u00e7\u00e3o, incluindo defini\u00e7\u00f5es e exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/correlacao-vs-associacao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-26T12:23:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/correlation_vs_association1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/correlacao-vs-associacao\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/correlacao-vs-associacao\/\",\"name\":\"Correla\u00e7\u00e3o vs. associa\u00e7\u00e3o: qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a?\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-26T12:23:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-26T12:23:03+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica a diferen\u00e7a entre correla\u00e7\u00e3o e associa\u00e7\u00e3o, incluindo defini\u00e7\u00f5es e exemplos.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/correlacao-vs-associacao\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/correlacao-vs-associacao\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/correlacao-vs-associacao\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Correla\u00e7\u00e3o vs. associa\u00e7\u00e3o: qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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