{"id":1451,"date":"2023-07-26T08:19:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T08:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-logaritmica-em-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-26T08:19:00","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T08:19:00","slug":"regressao-logaritmica-em-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-logaritmica-em-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica em r (passo a passo)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>A regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica<\/strong> \u00e9 um tipo de regress\u00e3o usada para modelar situa\u00e7\u00f5es em que o crescimento ou decl\u00ednio acelera rapidamente no in\u00edcio e depois diminui com o tempo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por exemplo, o gr\u00e1fico a seguir mostra um exemplo de decaimento logar\u00edtmico:<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-14289 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/expregexcel2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"375\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Para este tipo de situa\u00e7\u00e3o, a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre uma vari\u00e1vel preditora e uma vari\u00e1vel resposta poderia ser bem modelada utilizando regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A equa\u00e7\u00e3o para um modelo de regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica assume a seguinte forma:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>y = a + b*ln(x)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ouro:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>y:<\/strong> a vari\u00e1vel de resposta<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>x:<\/strong> a vari\u00e1vel preditiva<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>a, b:<\/strong> os coeficientes de regress\u00e3o que descrevem a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre <em>x<\/em> e <em>y<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O exemplo passo a passo a seguir mostra como realizar a regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica em R.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 1: crie os dados<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Primeiro, vamos criar dados falsos para duas vari\u00e1veis: <em>x<\/em> e <em>y<\/em> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>x=1:15\n\ny=c(59, 50, 44, 38, 33, 28, 23, 20, 17, 15, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9.5)\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <strong>Etapa 2: visualize os dados<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A seguir, vamos criar um gr\u00e1fico de dispers\u00e3o r\u00e1pido para visualizar a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre <em>x<\/em> e <em>y<\/em> :<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>plot(x, y)<\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-14369 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/logregr1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"467\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">No gr\u00e1fico, podemos ver que existe um padr\u00e3o claro de decaimento logar\u00edtmico entre as duas vari\u00e1veis. O valor da vari\u00e1vel de resposta, <em>y<\/em> , diminui rapidamente no in\u00edcio e depois diminui com o tempo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Portanto, parece sensato ajustar uma equa\u00e7\u00e3o de regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica para descrever a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre as vari\u00e1veis.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 3: Ajustar o modelo de regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A seguir, usaremos a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>lm()<\/strong> para ajustar um modelo de regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica, usando o logaritmo natural de <em>x<\/em> como vari\u00e1vel preditora e <em>y<\/em> como vari\u00e1vel de resposta.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#fit the model<\/span>\nmodel &lt;- lm(y ~ <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">log<\/span> (x))<\/strong>\n<strong>\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view the output of the model<\/span>\nsummary(model)\n\nCall:\nlm(formula = y ~ log(x))\n\nResiduals:\n   Min 1Q Median 3Q Max \n-4.069 -1.313 -0.260 1.127 3.122 \n\nCoefficients:\n            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(&gt;|t|)    \n(Intercept) 63.0686 1.4090 44.76 1.25e-15 ***\nlog(x) -20.1987 0.7019 -28.78 3.70e-13 ***\n---\nSignificant. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1\n\nResidual standard error: 2.054 on 13 degrees of freedom\nMultiple R-squared: 0.9845, Adjusted R-squared: 0.9834 \nF-statistic: 828.2 on 1 and 13 DF, p-value: 3.702e-13<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/um-guia-simples-para-compreender-o-teste-f-para-significancia-geral-na-regressao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">valor F geral<\/a> do modelo \u00e9 828,2 e o valor p correspondente \u00e9 extremamente baixo (3.702e-13), indicando que o modelo como um todo \u00e9 \u00fatil.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Usando os coeficientes da tabela de sa\u00edda, podemos ver que a equa\u00e7\u00e3o de regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica ajustada \u00e9:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>y = 63,0686 \u2013 20,1987 * ln(x)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos usar esta equa\u00e7\u00e3o para prever a vari\u00e1vel de resposta, <em>y<\/em> , com base no valor da vari\u00e1vel preditora, <em>x<\/em> . Por exemplo, se <em>x<\/em> = 12, ent\u00e3o prever\u00edamos que <em>y<\/em> seria <strong>12,87<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">y = 63,0686 \u2013 20,1987 * ln(12) = <strong>12,87<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>B\u00f4nus:<\/strong> sinta-se \u00e0 vontade para usar esta calculadora de regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica online para calcular automaticamente a equa\u00e7\u00e3o de regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica para um determinado preditor e vari\u00e1vel de resposta.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Passo 4: Visualize o modelo de regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Finalmente, podemos criar um gr\u00e1fico r\u00e1pido para visualizar qu\u00e3o bem o modelo de regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica se ajusta aos dados:<\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#plot x vs. y<\/span>\nplot(x, y)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define x-values to use for regression line\n<\/span>x=seq(from= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">1<\/span> , to= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">15<\/span> , length. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">out<\/span> = <span style=\"color: #008000;\">1000<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#use the model to predict the y-values based on the x-values\n<\/span>y=predict(model,newdata=list(x=seq(from= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">1<\/span> ,to= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">15<\/span> ,length. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">out<\/span> = <span style=\"color: #008000;\">1000<\/span> )),\n          interval=\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">confidence<\/span> \")\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#add the fitted regression line to the plot (lwd specifies the width of the line)\n<\/span>matlines(x,y, lwd= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2<\/span> )\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-14370 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/logregr2.png\" alt=\"Regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica em R\" width=\"441\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos ver que o modelo de regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica faz um bom trabalho ao ajustar este conjunto de dados espec\u00edfico.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-linear-simples-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como realizar regress\u00e3o linear simples em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-linear-multipla-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como realizar regress\u00e3o linear m\u00faltipla em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-quadratica-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como realizar regress\u00e3o quadr\u00e1tica em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-exponencial-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como realizar regress\u00e3o exponencial em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-polinomial-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como realizar regress\u00e3o polinomial em R<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica \u00e9 um tipo de regress\u00e3o usada para modelar situa\u00e7\u00f5es em que o crescimento ou decl\u00ednio acelera rapidamente no in\u00edcio e depois diminui com o tempo. Por exemplo, o gr\u00e1fico a seguir mostra um exemplo de decaimento logar\u00edtmico: Para este tipo de situa\u00e7\u00e3o, a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre uma vari\u00e1vel preditora e uma vari\u00e1vel resposta [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica em R (passo a passo)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como realizar regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica em R, incluindo um exemplo passo a passo.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-logaritmica-em-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica em R (passo a passo)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como realizar regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica em R, incluindo um exemplo passo a passo.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-logaritmica-em-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-26T08:19:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/expregexcel2.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-logaritmica-em-r\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-logaritmica-em-r\/\",\"name\":\"Regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica em R (passo a passo)\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-26T08:19:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-26T08:19:00+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como realizar regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica em R, incluindo um exemplo passo a passo.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-logaritmica-em-r\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-logaritmica-em-r\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-logaritmica-em-r\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Regress\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica em r (passo a passo)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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