{"id":1531,"date":"2023-07-26T00:06:49","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T00:06:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/obstaculos-g\/"},"modified":"2023-07-26T00:06:49","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T00:06:49","slug":"obstaculos-g","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/obstaculos-g\/","title":{"rendered":"O que s\u00e3o sebes? g? (defini\u00e7\u00e3o e #038; exemplo)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Em <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/teste-de-hipotese-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">testes de hip\u00f3teses<\/a> , costumamos usar <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/p-valores-significancia-estatistica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">valores de p<\/a> para determinar se h\u00e1 uma diferen\u00e7a estatisticamente significativa entre dois grupos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">No entanto, embora um valor p possa nos dizer se existe ou n\u00e3o uma diferen\u00e7a estatisticamente significativa entre dois grupos, um <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/tamanho-do-efeito\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tamanho de efeito<\/a> pode nos dizer <em>a magnitude<\/em> dessa diferen\u00e7a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uma das maneiras mais comuns de medir o tamanho do efeito \u00e9 usar <strong>o g de Hedges<\/strong> , que \u00e9 calculado da seguinte forma:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>g = ( <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> <sub>1<\/sub> \u2013 <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> <sub>2<\/sub> ) \/ \u221a <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">((n <sub>1<\/sub> -1)*s <sub>1<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> + (n <sub>2<\/sub> -1)*s <sub>2<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> ) \/ (n <sub>1<\/sub> +n <sub>2<\/sub> -2)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ouro:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> <sub>1<\/sub> , <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> <sub>2<\/sub> : A m\u00e9dia da amostra 1 e a m\u00e9dia da amostra 2, respectivamente<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><sub>n1<\/sub> , <sub>n2<\/sub> : O tamanho da amostra 1 e o tamanho da amostra 2, respectivamente<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">s <sub>1<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> , s <sub>2<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> : a vari\u00e2ncia da amostra 1 e a vari\u00e2ncia da amostra 2, respectivamente<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O exemplo a seguir mostra como calcular o g de Hedges para duas amostras.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo: c\u00e1lculo da cobertura g<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suponha que tenhamos os dois exemplos a seguir:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Amostra 1:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x1<\/span> : <sub>15,2<\/sub><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">s <sub>1<\/sub> : 4,4<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">N\u00ba <sub>1<\/sub> : 39<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Amostra 2:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x2<\/span> <sub>:<\/sub> 14<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><sub>s2<\/sub> : 3,6<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">N\u00ba <sub>2<\/sub> : 34<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Veja como calcular o g de Hedges para essas duas amostras:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">g = ( <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> <sub>1<\/sub> \u2013 <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> <sub>2<\/sub> ) \/ \u221a <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">((n <sub>1<\/sub> -1)*s <sub>1<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> + (n <sub>2<\/sub> -1)*s <sub>2<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> ) \/ (n <sub>1<\/sub> +n <sub>2<\/sub> -2)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">g = (15,2 \u2013 14) \/ \u221a <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">((39-1)*4,4 <sup>2<\/sup> + (34-1)*3,6 <sup>2<\/sup> ) \/ (39+34-2)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">g = 1,2\/4,04788<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">g = 0,29851<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O g das coberturas \u00e9 <strong>0,29851<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>B\u00f4nus:<\/strong> Use esta calculadora online para calcular automaticamente o g de Hedges para quaisquer duas amostras.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Como interpretar o g das sebes<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Geralmente, veja como interpretar o g de Hedge:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>0,2<\/strong> = Tamanho do efeito pequeno<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>0,5<\/strong> = tamanho de efeito m\u00e9dio<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>0,8<\/strong> = Tamanho de efeito grande<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Em nosso exemplo, um tamanho de efeito de <strong>0,29851<\/strong> provavelmente seria considerado um tamanho de efeito pequeno. Isto significa que embora a diferen\u00e7a entre as m\u00e9dias dos dois grupos seja estatisticamente significativa, a diferen\u00e7a real entre as m\u00e9dias dos grupos \u00e9 insignificante.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>G de Hedges versus d de Cohen<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Outra forma comum de medir o tamanho do efeito \u00e9 conhecida como <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/cohens-d-excel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">d de Cohen<\/a> , que usa a seguinte f\u00f3rmula:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>d = ( <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">X1<\/span> \u2013 <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">X2<\/span> ) \/ <sub>\u221a<\/sub> <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\"><sup>(<\/sup> <sup>s12<\/sup> <sub>+<\/sub> <sub>s22<\/sub> ) \/<\/span> <sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A \u00fanica diferen\u00e7a entre o d de Cohen e o g de Hedges \u00e9 que o g de Hedges leva em considera\u00e7\u00e3o cada tamanho de amostra ao calcular o tamanho do efeito geral.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Assim, recomenda-se utilizar o g de Hedge para calcular o tamanho do efeito quando os dois tamanhos amostrais n\u00e3o s\u00e3o iguais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Se os dois tamanhos de amostra forem iguais, ent\u00e3o o g de Hedges e o d de Cohen ter\u00e3o exatamente o mesmo valor.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Em testes de hip\u00f3teses , costumamos usar valores de p para determinar se h\u00e1 uma diferen\u00e7a estatisticamente significativa entre dois grupos. No entanto, embora um valor p possa nos dizer se existe ou n\u00e3o uma diferen\u00e7a estatisticamente significativa entre dois grupos, um tamanho de efeito pode nos dizer a magnitude dessa diferen\u00e7a. Uma das maneiras [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 o g de Hedges? 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