{"id":1625,"date":"2023-07-25T14:55:46","date_gmt":"2023-07-25T14:55:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/intervalo-de-confianca-binomial-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-25T14:55:46","modified_gmt":"2023-07-25T14:55:46","slug":"intervalo-de-confianca-binomial-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/intervalo-de-confianca-binomial-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Como calcular um intervalo de confian\u00e7a binomial em r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Um <strong>intervalo de confian\u00e7a para uma probabilidade binomial<\/strong> \u00e9 calculado usando a seguinte f\u00f3rmula:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Intervalo de confian\u00e7a = p<\/strong> <strong>+\/- z*(\u221a <span style=\"text-decoration: overline;\">p(1-p) \/ n<\/span> )<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ouro:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>p:<\/strong> propor\u00e7\u00e3o de \u201csucessos\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>z:<\/strong> o valor z escolhido<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>n:<\/strong> tamanho da amostra<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O valor z usado depende do n\u00edvel de confian\u00e7a escolhido. A tabela a seguir mostra o valor z que corresponde \u00e0s op\u00e7\u00f5es de n\u00edvel de confian\u00e7a mais comuns:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Um n\u00edvel de confian\u00e7a<\/strong><\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>valor z<\/strong><\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">0,90<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">1.645<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">0,95<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">1,96<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">0,99<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">2,58<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por exemplo, suponha que queiramos estimar a propor\u00e7\u00e3o de residentes num condado que s\u00e3o a favor de uma determinada lei. Selecionamos uma amostra aleat\u00f3ria de 100 moradores e descobrimos que 56 deles s\u00e3o a favor da lei.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este tutorial explica tr\u00eas maneiras diferentes de calcular um intervalo de confian\u00e7a para a verdadeira propor\u00e7\u00e3o de residentes em todo o condado que apoiam a lei.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">M\u00e9todo 1: use a fun\u00e7\u00e3o prop.test()<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uma maneira de calcular o intervalo de confian\u00e7a binomial de 95% \u00e9 usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>prop.test()<\/strong> na base R:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate 95% confidence interval\n<\/span>prop. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">test<\/span> (x=56, n=100, conf. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">level<\/span> =.95, correct= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">FALSE<\/span> )\n\n\n\t1-sample proportions test without continuity correction\n\ndata: 56 out of 100, null probability 0.5\nX-squared = 1.44, df = 1, p-value = 0.2301\nalternative hypothesis: true p is not equal to 0.5\n95 percent confidence interval:\n 0.4622810 0.6532797\nsample estimates:\n   p \n0.56 \n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O IC de 95% para a verdadeira propor\u00e7\u00e3o de residentes do condado que apoiam a lei \u00e9 <strong>[0,46228, 0,65328]<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">M\u00e9todo 2: use a fun\u00e7\u00e3o binconf()<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Outra forma de calcular o intervalo de confian\u00e7a \u00e9 usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>binconf()<\/strong> do pacote <strong>Hmisc<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> (Hmisc)<\/span>\n\n#calculate 95% confidence interval\n<\/span>binconf(x=56, n=100, alpha=.05)\n\n PointEast Lower Upper\n     0.56 0.462281 0.6532797\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Note que este intervalo de confian\u00e7a corresponde ao calculado no exemplo anterior.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>M\u00e9todo 3: calcular manualmente o intervalo de confian\u00e7a<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Outra forma de calcular o intervalo de confian\u00e7a binomial de 95% em R \u00e9 faz\u00ea-lo manualmente:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define proportion\n<\/span>p &lt;- 56\/100\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define significance level\n<\/span>a &lt;- .05\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate 95% confidence interval\n<\/span>p + c(- <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">qnorm<\/span> (1-a\/2), <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">qnorm<\/span> (1-a\/2))* <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">sqrt<\/span> ((1\/100)*p*(1-p))\n\n[1] 0.4627099 0.6572901<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Saiba mais sobre a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>qnorm()<\/strong> aqui: <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/dnorm-pnorm-rnorm-qnorm-em-r\/\">Um guia para dnorm, pnorm, qnorm e rnorm em R<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/teste-binomial-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como realizar um teste binomial em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/tracar-a-distribuicao-binomial-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como tra\u00e7ar uma distribui\u00e7\u00e3o binomial em R<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Um intervalo de confian\u00e7a para uma probabilidade binomial \u00e9 calculado usando a seguinte f\u00f3rmula: Intervalo de confian\u00e7a = p +\/- z*(\u221a p(1-p) \/ n ) Ouro: p: propor\u00e7\u00e3o de \u201csucessos\u201d z: o valor z escolhido n: tamanho da amostra O valor z usado depende do n\u00edvel de confian\u00e7a escolhido. A tabela a seguir mostra o [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como calcular um intervalo de confian\u00e7a binomial em R<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como calcular um intervalo de confian\u00e7a binomial em R, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/intervalo-de-confianca-binomial-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como calcular um intervalo de confian\u00e7a binomial em R\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como calcular um intervalo de confian\u00e7a binomial em R, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/intervalo-de-confianca-binomial-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-25T14:55:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/intervalo-de-confianca-binomial-r\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/intervalo-de-confianca-binomial-r\/\",\"name\":\"Como calcular um intervalo de confian\u00e7a binomial em R\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-25T14:55:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-25T14:55:46+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como calcular um intervalo de confian\u00e7a binomial em R, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/intervalo-de-confianca-binomial-r\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/intervalo-de-confianca-binomial-r\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/intervalo-de-confianca-binomial-r\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como calcular um intervalo de confian\u00e7a binomial em r\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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