{"id":2069,"date":"2023-07-23T20:31:02","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T20:31:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/plotar-dados-categoricos-em-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T20:31:02","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T20:31:02","slug":"plotar-dados-categoricos-em-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/plotar-dados-categoricos-em-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Como plotar dados categ\u00f3ricos em r (com exemplos)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nas estat\u00edsticas, <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/categorico-vs.-quantitativo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">os dados categ\u00f3ricos<\/a> representam dados que podem receber nomes ou r\u00f3tulos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Exemplos incluem:<br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Status de tabagismo (\u201cfumante\u201d, \u201cn\u00e3o fumante\u201d)<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cor dos olhos (\u201cazul\u201d, \u201cverde\u201d, \u201cavel\u00e3\u201d)<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">N\u00edvel de escolaridade (por exemplo, \u201censino m\u00e9dio\u201d, \u201cbacharelado\u201d, \u201cmestrado\u201d)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tr\u00eas gr\u00e1ficos comumente usados para visualizar esse tipo de dados incluem:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Gr\u00e1fico de barras<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Parcelas de mosaico<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Gr\u00e1ficos de caixa por grupo<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os exemplos a seguir mostram como criar cada um desses gr\u00e1ficos em R.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 1: gr\u00e1ficos de barras<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O c\u00f3digo a seguir mostra como criar um gr\u00e1fico de barras para visualizar a frequ\u00eancia das mudan\u00e7as em um determinado quadro de dados:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">library<\/span> (ggplot2)<\/span>\n\n#create data frame<\/span>\ndf &lt;- data. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">frame<\/span> (result = c('W', 'L', 'W', 'W', 'W', 'L', 'W', 'L', 'W', 'L'),\n                 team = c('B', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'D', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'C', 'C'),\n                 points = c(12, 28, 19, 22, 32, 45, 22, 28, 13, 19),\n                 rebounds = c(5, 7, 7, 12, 11, 4, 10, 7, 8, 8))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create bar chart of teams\n<\/span>ggplot(df, <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">aes<\/span> (x=team)) +\n  geom_bar()\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-19274 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/categorie1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"462\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O eixo x mostra o nome de cada equipe e o eixo y mostra a frequ\u00eancia de cada equipe no quadro de dados.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tamb\u00e9m podemos usar o seguinte c\u00f3digo para ordenar as barras do gr\u00e1fico da maior para a menor:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create bar chart of teams, ordered from large to small\n<\/span>ggplot(df, <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">aes<\/span> (x= <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">reorder<\/span> (team, team, <span style=\"color: #008000;\">function<\/span> (x)- <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">length<\/span> (x)))) +\n  geom_bar(fill=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">steelblue<\/span> ') +\n  labs(x=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Team<\/span> ')<\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-19275 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/categorie2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"470\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 2: Boxplots por grupo<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Boxplots agrupados s\u00e3o uma forma \u00fatil de visualizar uma vari\u00e1vel num\u00e9rica, agrupada por uma vari\u00e1vel categ\u00f3rica.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por exemplo, o c\u00f3digo a seguir mostra como criar boxplots que mostram a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o dos pontos marcados, agrupados por equipe:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">library<\/span> (ggplot2)<\/span>\n\n#create data frame<\/span>\ndf &lt;- data. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">frame<\/span> (result = c('W', 'L', 'W', 'W', 'W', 'L', 'W', 'L', 'W', 'L'),\n                 team = c('B', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'D', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'C', 'C'),\n                 points = c(12, 28, 19, 22, 32, 45, 22, 28, 13, 19),\n                 rebounds = c(5, 7, 7, 12, 11, 4, 10, 7, 8, 8))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create boxplots of points, grouped by team\n<\/span>ggplot(df, <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">aes<\/span> (x=team, y=points)) +\n  geom_boxplot(fill=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">steelblue<\/span> ')\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-19276 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/categorie3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"419\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O eixo x exibe as equipes e o eixo y exibe a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o dos pontos marcados por cada equipe.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 3: gr\u00e1fico em mosaico<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Um gr\u00e1fico lado a lado \u00e9 um tipo de gr\u00e1fico que exibe as frequ\u00eancias de duas vari\u00e1veis categ\u00f3ricas diferentes em um \u00fanico gr\u00e1fico.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por exemplo, o c\u00f3digo a seguir mostra como criar um gr\u00e1fico em mosaico que mostra a frequ\u00eancia das vari\u00e1veis categ\u00f3ricas \u201cresultado\u201d e \u201cequipe\u201d em um \u00fanico gr\u00e1fico:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data frame<\/span>\ndf &lt;- data. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">frame<\/span> (result = c('W', 'L', 'W', 'W', 'W', 'L', 'W', 'L', 'W', 'L'),\n                 team = c('B', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'D', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'C', 'C'),\n                 points = c(12, 28, 19, 22, 32, 45, 22, 28, 13, 19),\n                 rebounds = c(5, 7, 7, 12, 11, 4, 10, 7, 8, 8))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create table of counts\n<\/span>counts &lt;- table(df$result, df$team)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create mosaic plot\n<\/span>mosaicplot(counts, xlab=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Game Result<\/span> ', ylab=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Team<\/span> ',\n           main=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Wins by Team<\/span> ', col=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">steelblue<\/span> ')<\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-19277\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/categorie4.png\" alt=\"Terreno mosaico em R\" width=\"424\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O eixo x exibe o resultado do jogo e o eixo y exibe as quatro equipes diferentes.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os tutoriais a seguir explicam como criar outros gr\u00e1ficos comuns em R:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pilhas-de-barplot-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como criar um gr\u00e1fico de barras empilhado em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/grupo-barplot-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como criar um gr\u00e1fico de barras agrupado em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/grafico-de-pontos-na-pilha-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como criar um gr\u00e1fico de pontos empilhados em R<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nas estat\u00edsticas, os dados categ\u00f3ricos representam dados que podem receber nomes ou r\u00f3tulos. Exemplos incluem: Status de tabagismo (\u201cfumante\u201d, \u201cn\u00e3o fumante\u201d) Cor dos olhos (\u201cazul\u201d, \u201cverde\u201d, \u201cavel\u00e3\u201d) N\u00edvel de escolaridade (por exemplo, \u201censino m\u00e9dio\u201d, \u201cbacharelado\u201d, \u201cmestrado\u201d) Tr\u00eas gr\u00e1ficos comumente usados para visualizar esse tipo de dados incluem: Gr\u00e1fico de barras Parcelas de mosaico Gr\u00e1ficos de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como plotar dados categ\u00f3ricos em R (com exemplos) - Statorials<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como plotar dados categ\u00f3ricos em R, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/plotar-dados-categoricos-em-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como plotar dados categ\u00f3ricos em R (com exemplos) - Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como plotar dados categ\u00f3ricos em R, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/plotar-dados-categoricos-em-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-23T20:31:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/categorie1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/plotar-dados-categoricos-em-r\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/plotar-dados-categoricos-em-r\/\",\"name\":\"Como plotar dados categ\u00f3ricos em R (com exemplos) - Statorials\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-23T20:31:02+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-23T20:31:02+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como plotar dados categ\u00f3ricos em R, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/plotar-dados-categoricos-em-r\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/plotar-dados-categoricos-em-r\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/plotar-dados-categoricos-em-r\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como plotar dados categ\u00f3ricos em r (com exemplos)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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