{"id":2079,"date":"2023-07-23T19:27:32","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T19:27:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/normalizar-dados-em-python\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T19:27:32","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T19:27:32","slug":"normalizar-dados-em-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/normalizar-dados-em-python\/","title":{"rendered":"Como normalizar dados em python"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Freq\u00fcentemente, em estat\u00edstica e aprendizado de m\u00e1quina, <strong>normalizamos<\/strong> vari\u00e1veis de forma que o intervalo de valores fique entre 0 e 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A raz\u00e3o mais comum para normalizar vari\u00e1veis \u00e9 quando estamos realizando algum tipo de an\u00e1lise multivariada (ou seja, queremos entender a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre diversas vari\u00e1veis preditoras e uma vari\u00e1vel de resposta) e queremos que cada vari\u00e1vel contribua igualmente para a an\u00e1lise.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Quando as vari\u00e1veis s\u00e3o medidas em escalas diferentes, muitas vezes n\u00e3o contribuem igualmente para a an\u00e1lise. Por exemplo, se os valores de uma vari\u00e1vel variam de 0 a 100.000 e os valores de outra vari\u00e1vel variam de 0 a 100, ser\u00e1 atribu\u00eddo maior peso na an\u00e1lise \u00e0 vari\u00e1vel com maior intervalo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ao padronizar as vari\u00e1veis, podemos ter certeza de que cada vari\u00e1vel contribui igualmente para a an\u00e1lise.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Para normalizar valores entre 0 e 1, podemos utilizar a seguinte f\u00f3rmula:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>x <sub>norma<\/sub> = (x <sub>i<\/sub> \u2013 x <sub>min<\/sub> ) \/ (x <sub>max<\/sub> \u2013 x <sub>min<\/sub> )<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ouro:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>x <sub>norma<\/sub> :<\/strong> o <sup>i-\u00e9simo<\/sup> valor normalizado no conjunto de dados<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>x <sub>i<\/sub> :<\/strong> o i- <sup>\u00e9simo<\/sup> valor do conjunto de dados<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>x <sub>max<\/sub><\/strong> : o valor m\u00ednimo no conjunto de dados<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>x <sub>min<\/sub> :<\/strong> o valor m\u00e1ximo no conjunto de dados<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os exemplos a seguir mostram como normalizar uma ou mais vari\u00e1veis em Python.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 1: normalizar um array NumPy<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O c\u00f3digo a seguir mostra como normalizar todos os valores em um array NumPy:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> numpy <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> np \n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create NumPy array\n<\/span>data = np. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">array<\/span> ([[13, 16, 19, 22, 23, 38, 47, 56, 58, 63, 65, 70, 71]])\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#normalize all values in array\n<\/span>data_norm = (data - data. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">min<\/span> ())\/ (data. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">max<\/span> () - data. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">min<\/span> ())\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view normalized values\n<\/span>data_norm\n\narray([[0. , 0.05172414, 0.10344828, 0.15517241, 0.17241379,\n        0.43103448, 0.5862069, 0.74137931, 0.77586207, 0.86206897,\n        0.89655172, 0.98275862, 1. ]])<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cada um dos valores da matriz normalizada est\u00e1 agora entre 0 e 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 2: Normalizar todas as vari\u00e1veis no Pandas DataFrame<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O c\u00f3digo a seguir mostra como normalizar todas as vari\u00e1veis em um DataFrame do pandas:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> pandas <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> pd\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#createDataFrame<\/span>\ndf = pd. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">DataFrame<\/span> ({' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">points<\/span> ': [25, 12, 15, 14, 19, 23, 25, 29],\n                   ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">assists<\/span> ': [5, 7, 7, 9, 12, 9, 9, 4],\n                   ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">rebounds<\/span> ': [11, 8, 10, 6, 6, 5, 9, 12]})\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#normalize values in every column\n<\/span>df_norm = (df-df. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">min<\/span> ())\/ (df. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">max<\/span> () - df. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">min<\/span> ())\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view normalized DataFrame\n<\/span>df_norm\n\n        points assists rebounds\n0 0.764706 0.125 0.857143\n1 0.000000 0.375 0.428571\n2 0.176471 0.375 0.714286\n3 0.117647 0.625 0.142857\n4 0.411765 1.000 0.142857\n5 0.647059 0.625 0.000000\n6 0.764706 0.625 0.571429\n7 1.000000 0.000 1.000000\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cada um dos valores em cada coluna est\u00e1 agora entre 0 e 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 3: Normalizar vari\u00e1veis espec\u00edficas no Pandas DataFrame<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O c\u00f3digo a seguir mostra como normalizar uma vari\u00e1vel espec\u00edfica em um DataFrame do pandas:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> pandas <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> pd\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#createDataFrame<\/span>\ndf = pd. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">DataFrame<\/span> ({' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">points<\/span> ': [25, 12, 15, 14, 19, 23, 25, 29],\n                   ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">assists<\/span> ': [5, 7, 7, 9, 12, 9, 9, 4],\n                   ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">rebounds<\/span> ': [11, 8, 10, 6, 6, 5, 9, 12]})\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">define columns to normalize<\/span>\nx = df. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">iloc<\/span> [:,0:2]\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#normalize values in first two columns only<\/span>\ndf. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">iloc<\/span> [:,0:2] = (xx. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">min<\/span> ())\/ (x. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">max<\/span> () - x. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">min<\/span> ())\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view normalized DataFrame<\/span>\ndf\n\n\tpoints assists rebounds\n0 0.764706 0.125 11\n1 0.000000 0.375 8\n2 0.176471 0.375 10\n3 0.117647 0.625 6\n4 0.411765 1.000 6\n5 0.647059 0.625 5\n6 0.764706 0.625 9\n7 1.000000 0.000 12\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observe que apenas os valores das duas primeiras colunas s\u00e3o normalizados.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os tutoriais a seguir fornecem informa\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais sobre a normaliza\u00e7\u00e3o de dados:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/normalizar-dados-entre-0-e-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como normalizar dados entre 0 e 1<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/normalizar-dados-entre-0-e-100\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como normalizar dados entre 0 e 100<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/padronizacao-vs-normalizacao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Padroniza\u00e7\u00e3o ou normaliza\u00e7\u00e3o: qual a diferen\u00e7a?<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Freq\u00fcentemente, em estat\u00edstica e aprendizado de m\u00e1quina, normalizamos vari\u00e1veis de forma que o intervalo de valores fique entre 0 e 1. A raz\u00e3o mais comum para normalizar vari\u00e1veis \u00e9 quando estamos realizando algum tipo de an\u00e1lise multivariada (ou seja, queremos entender a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre diversas vari\u00e1veis preditoras e uma vari\u00e1vel de resposta) e queremos que [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como normalizar dados em Python - Estatologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como normalizar dados em Python, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/normalizar-dados-em-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como normalizar dados em Python - Estatologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como normalizar dados em Python, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/normalizar-dados-em-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-23T19:27:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/normalizar-dados-em-python\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/normalizar-dados-em-python\/\",\"name\":\"Como normalizar dados em Python - Estatologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-23T19:27:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-23T19:27:32+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como normalizar dados em Python, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/normalizar-dados-em-python\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/normalizar-dados-em-python\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/normalizar-dados-em-python\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como normalizar dados em python\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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