{"id":2080,"date":"2023-07-23T19:14:33","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T19:14:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/valor-anova-f-valor-p\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T19:14:33","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T19:14:33","slug":"valor-anova-f-valor-p","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/valor-anova-f-valor-p\/","title":{"rendered":"Como interpretar o valor f e o valor p na anova"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uma <strong>ANOVA<\/strong> (\u201can\u00e1lise de vari\u00e2ncia\u201d) \u00e9 usada para determinar se as m\u00e9dias de tr\u00eas ou mais grupos independentes s\u00e3o iguais ou n\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uma ANOVA usa as seguintes hip\u00f3teses nulas e alternativas:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>H <sub>0<\/sub> :<\/strong> Todas as m\u00e9dias do grupo s\u00e3o iguais.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sub>HA<\/sub> :<\/strong> Pelo menos a m\u00e9dia de um grupo \u00e9 diferente dos outros.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cada vez que voc\u00ea realizar uma ANOVA, voc\u00ea ter\u00e1 uma tabela de resumo semelhante a esta:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Fonte<\/strong><\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Soma dos quadrados (SS)<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">df<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Quadrados m\u00e9dios (MS)<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">F<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Valor P<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Tratamento<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">192,2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">96,1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">2.358<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">0,1138<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Erro<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">1100,6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">27<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">40,8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Total<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">1292,8<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">29<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Dois valores que analisamos imediatamente na tabela s\u00e3o a <strong>estat\u00edstica F<\/strong> e o <strong>valor p<\/strong> correspondente.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Compreendendo a estat\u00edstica F na ANOVA<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A <strong>estat\u00edstica F<\/strong> \u00e9 a raz\u00e3o entre o processamento quadr\u00e1tico m\u00e9dio e o erro quadr\u00e1tico m\u00e9dio:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Estat\u00edstica F: Processamento de Quadrados M\u00e9dios \/ Erro Quadr\u00e1tico M\u00e9dio<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Outra maneira de escrever isso \u00e9:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Estat\u00edstica F: Varia\u00e7\u00e3o entre m\u00e9dias amostrais \/ Varia\u00e7\u00e3o dentro das amostras<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Quanto maior a estat\u00edstica F, maior ser\u00e1 a varia\u00e7\u00e3o entre as m\u00e9dias amostrais em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 varia\u00e7\u00e3o dentro das amostras.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Portanto, quanto maior a estat\u00edstica F, mais \u00f3bvio \u00e9 que existe uma diferen\u00e7a entre as m\u00e9dias do grupo.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Compreendendo o valor P na ANOVA<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Para determinar se a diferen\u00e7a entre as m\u00e9dias dos grupos \u00e9 estatisticamente significativa, podemos observar o <strong>valor p<\/strong> que corresponde \u00e0 estat\u00edstica F.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Para encontrar o <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/p-valores-significancia-estatistica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">valor p<\/a> que corresponde a este valor F, podemos usar uma <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/calculadora-de-distribuicao-f\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">calculadora de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o F<\/a> com graus de liberdade no numerador = df Tratamento e graus de liberdade no denominador = df Error.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por exemplo, o valor p que corresponde a um valor F de 2,358, o numerador df = 2 e o denominador df = 27 \u00e9 <strong>0,1138<\/strong> .<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-19372 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/anova_f1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"335\" height=\"467\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Se esse valor de p for menor que \u03b1 = 0,05, rejeitamos a hip\u00f3tese nula da ANOVA e conclu\u00edmos que existe diferen\u00e7a estatisticamente significativa entre as m\u00e9dias dos tr\u00eas grupos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Caso contr\u00e1rio, se o valor p n\u00e3o for inferior a \u03b1 = 0,05, n\u00e3o rejeitamos a hip\u00f3tese nula e conclu\u00edmos que n\u00e3o temos evid\u00eancias suficientes para dizer que existe uma diferen\u00e7a estatisticamente significativa entre as m\u00e9dias dos tr\u00eas grupos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Neste exemplo espec\u00edfico, o valor p \u00e9 0,1138, portanto, n\u00e3o conseguiremos rejeitar a hip\u00f3tese nula. Isto significa que n\u00e3o temos evid\u00eancias suficientes para afirmar que existe uma diferen\u00e7a estatisticamente significativa entre as m\u00e9dias dos grupos.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Sobre o uso de testes post-hoc com ANOVA<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Se o valor p de uma ANOVA for inferior a 0,05, rejeitamos a hip\u00f3tese nula de que a m\u00e9dia de cada grupo \u00e9 igual.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Neste cen\u00e1rio, podemos ent\u00e3o realizar <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/testes-post-hoc-anova\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">testes post-hoc<\/a> para determinar exatamente quais grupos diferem uns dos outros.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Existem v\u00e1rios testes post-hoc potenciais que podemos usar ap\u00f3s uma ANOVA, mas os mais populares incluem:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Teste de Tukey<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Teste de Bonferroni<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Teste de Scheffe<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Consulte <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/tukey-vs-bonferroni-vs-scheffe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">este guia<\/a> para entender qual teste post hoc voc\u00ea deve usar com base em sua situa\u00e7\u00e3o espec\u00edfica.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os recursos a seguir oferecem informa\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais sobre o teste ANOVA:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/uma-maneira-anova\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uma introdu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 ANOVA unidirecional<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/anova-bidirecional\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uma introdu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 ANOVA bidirecional<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/como-relatar-resultados-anova\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">O guia completo: como relatar resultados de ANOVA<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/anova-vs-regressao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ANOVA vs regress\u00e3o: qual a diferen\u00e7a?<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uma ANOVA (\u201can\u00e1lise de vari\u00e2ncia\u201d) \u00e9 usada para determinar se as m\u00e9dias de tr\u00eas ou mais grupos independentes s\u00e3o iguais ou n\u00e3o. Uma ANOVA usa as seguintes hip\u00f3teses nulas e alternativas: H 0 : Todas as m\u00e9dias do grupo s\u00e3o iguais. HA : Pelo menos a m\u00e9dia de um grupo \u00e9 diferente dos outros. Cada [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como interpretar o valor F e o valor P na ANOVA - Estatologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como interpretar o valor F e o valor p correspondente em uma ANOVA, com um exemplo.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/valor-anova-f-valor-p\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como interpretar o valor F e o valor P na ANOVA - Estatologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como interpretar o valor F e o valor p correspondente em uma ANOVA, com um exemplo.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/valor-anova-f-valor-p\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-23T19:14:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/anova_f1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/valor-anova-f-valor-p\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/valor-anova-f-valor-p\/\",\"name\":\"Como interpretar o valor F e o valor P na ANOVA - Estatologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-23T19:14:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-23T19:14:33+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como interpretar o valor F e o valor p correspondente em uma ANOVA, com um exemplo.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/valor-anova-f-valor-p\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/valor-anova-f-valor-p\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/valor-anova-f-valor-p\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como interpretar o valor f e o valor p na anova\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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