{"id":2137,"date":"2023-07-23T13:06:58","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T13:06:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/bic-para-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T13:06:58","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T13:06:58","slug":"bic-para-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/bic-para-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Como calcular o bic em r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">O <strong>Crit\u00e9rio de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o Bayesiano<\/strong> , muitas vezes abreviado como <strong>BIC<\/strong> , \u00e9 uma medida usada para comparar a qualidade do ajuste de diferentes modelos de regress\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Na pr\u00e1tica, ajustamos v\u00e1rios modelos de regress\u00e3o ao mesmo conjunto de dados e escolhemos o modelo com o menor valor de BIC como o modelo que melhor se ajusta aos dados.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Usamos a seguinte f\u00f3rmula para calcular o BIC:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>BIC:<\/strong> (RSS+log(n)d\u03c3\u0302 <sup>2<\/sup> ) \/ n<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ouro:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>d:<\/strong> O n\u00famero de preditores<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>n:<\/strong> Total de observa\u00e7\u00f5es<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u03c3\u0302:<\/strong> Estimativa da vari\u00e2ncia do erro associada a cada medida de resposta em um modelo de regress\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>RSS:<\/strong> Soma residual dos quadrados do modelo de regress\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>TSS:<\/strong> Soma total dos quadrados do modelo de regress\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O exemplo passo a passo a seguir mostra como calcular valores BIC para modelos de regress\u00e3o em R.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 1: visualizar dados<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Para este exemplo, usaremos o conjunto de dados integrado <strong>mtcars<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first six rows of mtcars dataset\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">head(mtcars)<\/span>\n<\/span>mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb\nMazda RX4 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4\nMazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4\nDatsun 710 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1\nHornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1\nHornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2\nValiant 18.1 6 225 105 2.76 3,460 20.22 1 0 3 1\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 2: instalar v\u00e1rios modelos<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A seguir, ajustaremos v\u00e1rios modelos de regress\u00e3o diferentes usando este conjunto de dados:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#fit three different regression models\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">model1 &lt;- lm(mpg ~ disp + hp, data = mtcars)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">model2 &lt;- lm(mpg ~ disp + qsec, data = mtcars)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">model3 &lt;- lm(mpg ~ disp + wt, data = mtcars)<\/span>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Passo 3: Escolha o modelo com o BIC mais baixo<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Para calcular o valor BIC para cada modelo, podemos usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>BIC()<\/strong> do pacote <strong>flexmix<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">library<\/span> (flexmix)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate BIC of model1\n<\/span>BIC(model1)\n\n[1] 174.4815\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate BIC of model2\n<\/span>BIC(model2)\n\n[1] 177.7048\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate BIC of model3\n<\/span>BIC(model3)\n\n[1] 170.0307\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos ver os valores BIC de cada modelo:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">BIC do <strong>modelo 1<\/strong> : 174.4815<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Modelo 2<\/strong> BIC: 177.7048<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Modelo 3<\/strong> BIC: 170.0307<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Como o modelo 3 possui o menor valor de BIC, iremos escolh\u00ea-lo como o modelo que melhor se ajusta ao conjunto de dados.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os tutoriais a seguir explicam como ajustar modelos de regress\u00e3o comuns em R:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-linear-simples-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como realizar regress\u00e3o linear simples em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-linear-multipla-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como realizar regress\u00e3o linear m\u00faltipla em R<\/a><br \/> Como realizar regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica em R<br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/minimos-quadrados-ponderados-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como realizar a regress\u00e3o de m\u00ednimos quadrados ponderados em R<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O Crit\u00e9rio de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o Bayesiano , muitas vezes abreviado como BIC , \u00e9 uma medida usada para comparar a qualidade do ajuste de diferentes modelos de regress\u00e3o. Na pr\u00e1tica, ajustamos v\u00e1rios modelos de regress\u00e3o ao mesmo conjunto de dados e escolhemos o modelo com o menor valor de BIC como o modelo que melhor se [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como calcular o BIC em R - Estatologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como calcular valores BIC para modelos de regress\u00e3o em R, com exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/bic-para-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como calcular o BIC em R - Estatologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como calcular valores BIC para modelos de regress\u00e3o em R, com exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/bic-para-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-23T13:06:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/bic-para-r\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/bic-para-r\/\",\"name\":\"Como calcular o BIC em R - Estatologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-23T13:06:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-23T13:06:58+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como calcular valores BIC para modelos de regress\u00e3o em R, com exemplos.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/bic-para-r\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/bic-para-r\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/bic-para-r\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como calcular o bic em r\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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