{"id":2169,"date":"2023-07-23T10:04:03","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T10:04:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/auc-em-python\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T10:04:03","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T10:04:03","slug":"auc-em-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/auc-em-python\/","title":{"rendered":"Como calcular auc (\u00e1rea sob a curva) em python"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-logistica-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica<\/a> \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo estat\u00edstico que usamos para ajustar um modelo de regress\u00e3o quando a vari\u00e1vel de resposta \u00e9 bin\u00e1ria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Para avaliar qu\u00e3o bem um modelo de regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica se ajusta a um conjunto de dados, podemos observar as duas m\u00e9tricas a seguir:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Sensibilidade:<\/strong> probabilidade de o modelo prever um resultado positivo para uma observa\u00e7\u00e3o quando o resultado \u00e9 realmente positivo. Isso tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 chamado de \u201ctaxa positiva verdadeira\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Especificidade:<\/strong> a probabilidade de o modelo prever um resultado negativo para uma observa\u00e7\u00e3o quando o resultado \u00e9 realmente negativo. Isso tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 chamado de \u201ctaxa verdadeiramente negativa\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uma maneira de visualizar essas duas medi\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9 criar uma <strong>curva ROC<\/strong> , que significa curva \u201ccaracter\u00edstica operacional do receptor\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este \u00e9 um gr\u00e1fico que exibe a sensibilidade ao longo do eixo y e (1 \u2013 especificidade) ao longo do eixo x.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uma forma de quantificar a efic\u00e1cia do modelo de regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica na classifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos dados \u00e9 calcular <strong>a AUC<\/strong> , que significa \u201c\u00e1rea sob a curva\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Quanto mais pr\u00f3ximo o AUC estiver de 1, melhor ser\u00e1 o modelo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O exemplo passo a passo a seguir mostra como calcular a AUC para um modelo de regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica em Python.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 1: importar pacotes<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Primeiramente, importaremos os pacotes necess\u00e1rios para realizar a regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica em Python:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">import<\/span> pandas <span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">as<\/span> pd\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> numpy <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> np\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">from<\/span> sklearn. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">model_selection<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> train_test_split\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">from<\/span> sklearn. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">linear_model<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> LogisticRegression\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">from<\/span> sklearn <span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> metrics\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Passo 2: Ajustar o modelo de regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A seguir, importaremos um conjunto de dados e ajustaremos um modelo de regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica a ele:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#import dataset from CSV file on Github\n<\/span>url = \"https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/Statorials\/Python-Guides\/main\/default.csv\"\ndata = pd. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">read_csv<\/span> (url)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define the predictor variables and the response variable\n<\/span>X = data[[' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">student<\/span> ',' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">balance<\/span> ',' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">income<\/span> ']]\ny = data[' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">default<\/span> ']\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#split the dataset into training (70%) and testing (30%) sets\n<\/span>X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(X,y,test_size= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">0.3<\/span> ,random_state= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">0<\/span> ) \n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#instantiate the model\n<\/span>log_regression = LogisticRegression()\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#fit the model using the training data\n<\/span>log_regression. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">fit<\/span> (X_train,y_train)<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 3: Calcule a AUC<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>m\u00e9tricas.roc_auc_score()<\/strong> para calcular a AUC do modelo:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#use model to predict probability that given y value is 1\n<\/span>y_pred_proba = log_regression. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">predict_proba<\/span> (X_test)[::, <span style=\"color: #008000;\">1<\/span> ]\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate AUC of model\n<\/span>auc = metrics. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">roc_auc_score<\/span> (y_test, y_pred_proba)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#print AUC score\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">print<\/span> (auc)\n\n0.5602104030579559\n<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A AUC (\u00e1rea sob a curva) para este modelo espec\u00edfico \u00e9 <strong>0,5602<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lembre-se de que um modelo com pontua\u00e7\u00e3o AUC de <strong>0,5<\/strong> n\u00e3o \u00e9 melhor do que um modelo que faz suposi\u00e7\u00f5es aleat\u00f3rias.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Assim, na maioria dos casos, um modelo com uma pontua\u00e7\u00e3o AUC de <strong>0,5602<\/strong> seria considerado fraco na classifica\u00e7\u00e3o das observa\u00e7\u00f5es nas classes corretas.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os tutoriais a seguir fornecem informa\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais sobre curvas ROC e pontua\u00e7\u00f5es AUC:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/interpretar-a-curva-da-rocha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como interpretar uma curva ROC (com exemplos)<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">O que \u00e9 considerado uma boa pontua\u00e7\u00e3o AUC?<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo estat\u00edstico que usamos para ajustar um modelo de regress\u00e3o quando a vari\u00e1vel de resposta \u00e9 bin\u00e1ria. Para avaliar qu\u00e3o bem um modelo de regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica se ajusta a um conjunto de dados, podemos observar as duas m\u00e9tricas a seguir: Sensibilidade: probabilidade de o modelo prever um resultado positivo para [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como calcular AUC (\u00c1rea sob curva) em Python - Estatologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como calcular a AUC (\u00e1rea sob a curva) para um modelo de regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica em R, incluindo um exemplo passo a passo.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/auc-em-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como calcular AUC (\u00c1rea sob curva) em Python - Estatologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como calcular a AUC (\u00e1rea sob a curva) para um modelo de regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica em R, incluindo um exemplo passo a passo.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/auc-em-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-23T10:04:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/auc-em-python\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/auc-em-python\/\",\"name\":\"Como calcular AUC (\u00c1rea sob curva) em Python - Estatologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-23T10:04:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-23T10:04:03+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como calcular a AUC (\u00e1rea sob a curva) para um modelo de regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica em R, incluindo um exemplo passo a passo.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/auc-em-python\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/auc-em-python\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/auc-em-python\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como calcular auc (\u00e1rea sob a curva) em python\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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