{"id":2255,"date":"2023-07-23T01:36:42","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T01:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/algoritmo-glm-fit-nao-convergiu\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T01:36:42","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T01:36:42","slug":"algoritmo-glm-fit-nao-convergiu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/algoritmo-glm-fit-nao-convergiu\/","title":{"rendered":"Como lidar com o aviso r: glm.fit: algoritmo n\u00e3o convergiu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Um aviso comum que voc\u00ea pode encontrar em R \u00e9:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>glm.fit: algorithm did not converge\n<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este aviso ocorre frequentemente quando voc\u00ea tenta ajustar um modelo de regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica em R e v\u00ea <strong>uma separa\u00e7\u00e3o perfeita<\/strong> , ou seja, uma vari\u00e1vel preditora \u00e9 capaz de separar perfeitamente a vari\u00e1vel resposta em 0 e em 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O exemplo a seguir mostra como lidar com esse aviso na pr\u00e1tica.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Como reproduzir o aviso<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suponha que estejamos tentando ajustar o seguinte modelo de regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica em R:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data frame<\/span>\ndf &lt;- data. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">frame<\/span> (x=c(.1, .2, .3, .4, .5, .6, .7, .8, .9, 1, 1, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7),\n                 y=c(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#attempt to fit logistic regression model\n<\/span>glm(y~x, data=df, family=\" <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">binomial<\/span> \")\n\nCall: glm(formula = y ~ x, family = \"binomial\", data = df)\n\nCoefficients:\n(Intercept)x  \n     -409.1 431.1  \n\nDegrees of Freedom: 14 Total (ie Null); 13 Residual\nNull Deviance: 20.19 \nResidual Deviance: 2.468e-09 AIC: 4\nWarning messages:\n1: glm.fit: algorithm did not converge \n2: glm.fit: fitted probabilities numerically 0 or 1 occurred \n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observe que recebemos a mensagem de aviso: <strong>glm.fit: algoritmo n\u00e3o convergiu<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Recebemos esta mensagem porque a vari\u00e1vel preditora x \u00e9 capaz de separar perfeitamente a vari\u00e1vel de resposta y em 0 e 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observe que para cada valor de x menor que 1, y \u00e9 igual a 0. E para cada valor de x igual ou maior que 1, y \u00e9 igual a 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O c\u00f3digo a seguir mostra um cen\u00e1rio em que a vari\u00e1vel preditora n\u00e3o \u00e9 capaz de separar perfeitamente a vari\u00e1vel de resposta em 0s e 1s:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data frame\n<\/span>df &lt;- data. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">frame<\/span> (x=c(.1, .2, .3, .4, .5, .6, .7, .8, .9, 1, 1, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7),\n                 y=c(0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#fit logistic regression model\n<\/span>glm(y~x, data=df, family=\" <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">binomial<\/span> \")\n\nCall: glm(formula = y ~ x, family = \"binomial\", data = df)\n\nCoefficients:\n(Intercept) x  \n     -2.112 2.886  \n\nDegrees of Freedom: 14 Total (ie Null); 13 Residual\nNull Deviance: 20.73 \nResidual Deviance: 16.31 AIC: 20.31\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">N\u00e3o recebemos nenhuma mensagem de aviso porque a vari\u00e1vel preditora n\u00e3o \u00e9 capaz de separar perfeitamente a vari\u00e1vel de resposta em 0 e 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Como lidar com o aviso<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Se encontrarmos um cen\u00e1rio de separa\u00e7\u00e3o perfeito, existem duas maneiras de lidar com isso:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>M\u00e9todo 1: Use regress\u00e3o penalizada.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uma op\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 usar uma forma de regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica penalizada, como regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica la\u00e7o ou regulariza\u00e7\u00e3o l\u00edquida el\u00e1stica.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Consulte o pacote <a href=\"https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/glmnet\/glmnet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">glmnet<\/a> para op\u00e7\u00f5es sobre como implementar a regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica penalizada em R.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>M\u00e9todo 2: Use a vari\u00e1vel preditora para prever perfeitamente a vari\u00e1vel de resposta.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Se voc\u00ea suspeitar que essa separa\u00e7\u00e3o perfeita pode existir na popula\u00e7\u00e3o, voc\u00ea pode simplesmente usar essa vari\u00e1vel preditora para prever perfeitamente o valor da vari\u00e1vel resposta.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por exemplo, no cen\u00e1rio acima, vimos que a vari\u00e1vel resposta <strong>y<\/strong> era sempre igual a 0 quando a vari\u00e1vel preditora <strong>x<\/strong> era menor que 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Se suspeitarmos que esta rela\u00e7\u00e3o se mant\u00e9m na popula\u00e7\u00e3o em geral, podemos sempre prever que o valor de <strong>y<\/strong> ser\u00e1 0 quando <strong>x<\/strong> for inferior a 1 e n\u00e3o nos preocuparemos em ajustar um modelo de regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica penalizado.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os tutoriais a seguir fornecem informa\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais sobre o uso da fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>glm()<\/strong> em R:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/glm-vs-lm-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A diferen\u00e7a entre glm e lm em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/r-glm-prever\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de previs\u00e3o com glm em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/glm-ajuste-probabilidades-ajustadas-numericamente-0-ou-1-ocorreu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como lidar com: glm.fit: probabilidades ajustadas numericamente 0 ou 1 ocorreram<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Um aviso comum que voc\u00ea pode encontrar em R \u00e9: glm.fit: algorithm did not converge Este aviso ocorre frequentemente quando voc\u00ea tenta ajustar um modelo de regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica em R e v\u00ea uma separa\u00e7\u00e3o perfeita , ou seja, uma vari\u00e1vel preditora \u00e9 capaz de separar perfeitamente a vari\u00e1vel resposta em 0 e em 1. O [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como lidar com o aviso R: glm.fit: O algoritmo n\u00e3o convergiu - Estatoriais<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como lidar com a seguinte mensagem de aviso em R: glm.fit: O algoritmo n\u00e3o convergiu.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/algoritmo-glm-fit-nao-convergiu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como lidar com o aviso R: glm.fit: O algoritmo n\u00e3o convergiu - Estatoriais\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como lidar com a seguinte mensagem de aviso em R: glm.fit: O algoritmo n\u00e3o convergiu.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/algoritmo-glm-fit-nao-convergiu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-23T01:36:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/algoritmo-glm-fit-nao-convergiu\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/algoritmo-glm-fit-nao-convergiu\/\",\"name\":\"Como lidar com o aviso R: glm.fit: O algoritmo n\u00e3o convergiu - Estatoriais\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-23T01:36:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-23T01:36:42+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como lidar com a seguinte mensagem de aviso em R: glm.fit: O algoritmo n\u00e3o convergiu.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/algoritmo-glm-fit-nao-convergiu\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/algoritmo-glm-fit-nao-convergiu\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/algoritmo-glm-fit-nao-convergiu\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como lidar com o aviso r: glm.fit: algoritmo n\u00e3o convergiu\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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