{"id":2363,"date":"2023-07-22T14:41:49","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T14:41:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/serie-temporal-de-reamostragem-de-python\/"},"modified":"2023-07-22T14:41:49","modified_gmt":"2023-07-22T14:41:49","slug":"serie-temporal-de-reamostragem-de-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/serie-temporal-de-reamostragem-de-python\/","title":{"rendered":"Como reamostrar dados de s\u00e9rie temporal em python (com exemplos)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Reamostrar<\/strong> dados de s\u00e9ries temporais significa resumir ou agregar os dados durante um novo per\u00edodo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos usar a seguinte sintaxe b\u00e1sica para reamostrar dados de s\u00e9rie temporal em Python:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find sum of values in column1 by month<\/span>\nweekly_df[' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">column1<\/span> '] = df[' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">column1<\/span> ']. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">resample<\/span> (' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">M<\/span> '). <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">sum<\/span> ()\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find mean of values in column1 by week<\/span>\nweekly_df[' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">column1<\/span> '] = df[' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">column1<\/span> ']. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">resample<\/span> (' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">W<\/span> '). <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">mean<\/span> () \n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observe que podemos reamostrar dados de s\u00e9ries temporais para diferentes per\u00edodos de tempo, incluindo:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>S<\/strong> : Segundos<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>min<\/strong> : Minutos<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>H<\/strong> : Horas<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>J<\/strong> : Dia<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>W<\/strong> : Semana<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>M<\/strong> : M\u00eas<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>P<\/strong> : Trimestre<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>R<\/strong> : Ano<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O exemplo a seguir mostra como reamostrar dados de s\u00e9rie temporal na pr\u00e1tica.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo: Reamostrar dados de s\u00e9rie temporal em Python<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suponha que temos o seguinte DataFrame do pandas que mostra o total de vendas realizadas a cada hora por uma empresa durante um per\u00edodo de um ano:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> pandas <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> pd\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> numpy <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> np\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#make this example reproducible\n<\/span>n.p. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">random<\/span> . <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">seeds<\/span> (0)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create DataFrame with hourly index\n<\/span>df = pd. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">DataFrame<\/span> (index= <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">pd.date_range<\/span> (' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">2020-01-06<\/span> ', ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">2020-12-27<\/span> ', freq=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">h<\/span> '))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#add column to show sales by hour\n<\/span>df[' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">sales<\/span> '] = np. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">random<\/span> . <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">randint<\/span> (low=0, high=20, size= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">len<\/span> (df. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">index<\/span> ))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first five rows of DataFrame\n<\/span>df. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">head<\/span> ()\n\n\t             dirty\n2020-01-06 00:00:00 12\n2020-01-06 01:00:00 15\n2020-01-06 02:00:00 0\n2020-01-06 03:00:00 3\n2020-01-06 04:00:00 3\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Se criarmos um gr\u00e1fico de linhas para visualizar os dados de vendas, ficaria assim:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> matplotlib. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">pyplot<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> plt\n<\/span>\n#plot time series data\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">plt. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">plot<\/span> (df. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">index<\/span> , df. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">sales<\/span> , linewidth= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">3<\/span> )<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-21395 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/heures1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"575\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este gr\u00e1fico \u00e9 dif\u00edcil de interpretar, por isso podemos resumir os dados de vendas por semana:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create new DataFrame\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">weekly_df = pd. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">DataFrame<\/span> ()\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create 'sales' column that summarizes total sales by week\n<\/span>weekly_df[' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">sales<\/span> '] = df[' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">sales<\/span> ']. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">resample<\/span> (' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">W<\/span> '). <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">sum<\/span> ()\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first five rows of DataFrame\n<\/span>weekly_df. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">head<\/span> ()\n\n                dirty\n2020-01-12 1519\n2020-01-19 1589\n2020-01-26 1540\n2020-02-02 1562\n2020-02-09 1614<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este novo DataFrame mostra a soma das vendas por semana.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos ent\u00e3o criar um gr\u00e1fico de s\u00e9rie temporal usando estes dados semanais:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> matplotlib. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">pyplot<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> plt\n<\/span>\n#plot weekly sales data\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">plt. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">plot<\/span> ( <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">weekly_df.index<\/span> , <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">weekly_df.sales<\/span> , linewidth= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">3<\/span> )<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-21396 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fois2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"556\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este gr\u00e1fico \u00e9 muito mais f\u00e1cil de ler porque representamos apenas dados de vendas de 51 semanas individuais, em oposi\u00e7\u00e3o aos dados de vendas de 8.545 horas individuais no primeiro exemplo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Nota<\/strong> : Neste exemplo, resumimos os dados de vendas por semana, mas tamb\u00e9m poder\u00edamos resumi-los por m\u00eas ou trimestre se quisermos representar ainda menos pontos de dados.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os tutoriais a seguir explicam como realizar outras opera\u00e7\u00f5es comuns em Python:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/serie-temporal-matplotlib\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como tra\u00e7ar uma s\u00e9rie temporal no Matplotlib<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/linha-do-tempo-maritima\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como tra\u00e7ar uma s\u00e9rie temporal em Seaborn<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/cartao-python\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como calcular MAPE a partir de s\u00e9ries temporais em Python<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reamostrar dados de s\u00e9ries temporais significa resumir ou agregar os dados durante um novo per\u00edodo. Podemos usar a seguinte sintaxe b\u00e1sica para reamostrar dados de s\u00e9rie temporal em Python: #find sum of values in column1 by month weekly_df[&#8216; column1 &#8216;] = df[&#8216; column1 &#8216;]. resample (&#8216; M &#8216;). sum () #find mean of values in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como reamostrar dados de s\u00e9ries temporais em Python (com exemplos) - Statorials<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como reamostrar dados de s\u00e9rie temporal em Python, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/serie-temporal-de-reamostragem-de-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como reamostrar dados de s\u00e9ries temporais em Python (com exemplos) - Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como reamostrar dados de s\u00e9rie temporal em Python, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/serie-temporal-de-reamostragem-de-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-22T14:41:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/heures1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/serie-temporal-de-reamostragem-de-python\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/serie-temporal-de-reamostragem-de-python\/\",\"name\":\"Como reamostrar dados de s\u00e9ries temporais em Python (com exemplos) - Statorials\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-22T14:41:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-22T14:41:49+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como reamostrar dados de s\u00e9rie temporal em Python, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/serie-temporal-de-reamostragem-de-python\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/serie-temporal-de-reamostragem-de-python\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/serie-temporal-de-reamostragem-de-python\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como reamostrar dados de s\u00e9rie temporal em python (com exemplos)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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