{"id":2364,"date":"2023-07-22T14:33:59","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T14:33:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-python\/"},"modified":"2023-07-22T14:33:59","modified_gmt":"2023-07-22T14:33:59","slug":"distribuicao-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-python\/","title":{"rendered":"Como usar a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t em python"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A <strong>distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t<\/strong> \u00e9 uma distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de probabilidade semelhante \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/a-distribuicao-normal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">distribui\u00e7\u00e3o normal<\/a> , exceto<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">que possui &#8220;caudas&#8221; mais pesadas que a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o normal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Em outras palavras, mais valores na distribui\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e3o localizados nas extremidades do que no centro em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o normal:<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12188 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/norm_vs_t2.png\" alt=\"Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o normal vs distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t\" width=\"444\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este tutorial explica como usar a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t em Python.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <strong>Como gerar para distribuir<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Voc\u00ea pode usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>t.rvs(df, size)<\/strong> para gerar valores aleat\u00f3rios de uma distribui\u00e7\u00e3o com graus de liberdade e tamanho de amostra espec\u00edficos:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">from<\/span> scipy. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">stats<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> t\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#generate random values from t distribution with df=6 and sample size=10<\/span>\nt. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">rvs<\/span> (df= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">6<\/span> , size= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">10<\/span> )\n\narray([-3.95799716, -0.01099963, -0.55953846, -1.53420055, -1.41775611,\n       -0.45384974, -0.2767931, -0.40177789, -0.3602592, 0.38262431])\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O resultado \u00e9 uma tabela de 10 valores que se sucedem segundo uma distribui\u00e7\u00e3o com 6 graus de liberdade.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <strong>Como calcular valores P usando distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>t.cdf(x, df, loc=0, scale=1)<\/strong> para encontrar o valor p associado a uma estat\u00edstica de teste t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 1: Encontrando um valor P unilateral<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suponha que realizemos um <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/teste-de-hipotese-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">teste de hip\u00f3tese<\/a> unilateral e obtenhamos uma estat\u00edstica de teste de <strong>-1,5<\/strong> e graus de liberdade = <strong>10<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos usar a seguinte sintaxe para calcular o valor p que corresponde a esta estat\u00edstica de teste:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">from<\/span> scipy. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">stats<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> t\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate p-value<\/span>\nt. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">cdf<\/span> (x=-1.5, df=10)\n\n0.08225366322272008\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O valor p unilateral que corresponde \u00e0 estat\u00edstica de teste de -1,5 com 10 graus de liberdade \u00e9 <strong>0,0822<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 2: Encontrando um valor P bidirecional<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suponha que realizemos um <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/teste-de-hipotese-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">teste de hip\u00f3tese<\/a> bicaudal e obtenhamos uma estat\u00edstica de teste de <strong>2,14<\/strong> e graus de liberdade = <strong>20<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos usar a seguinte sintaxe para calcular o valor p que corresponde a esta estat\u00edstica de teste:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">from<\/span> scipy. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">stats<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> t\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate p-value<\/span>\n(1 - t. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">cdf<\/span> (x=2.14, df=20)) <span style=\"color: #800080;\">*<\/span> 2\n\n0.04486555082549959\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O valor p bilateral que corresponde \u00e0 estat\u00edstica de teste de 2,14 com 20 graus de liberdade \u00e9 <strong>0,0448<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Nota<\/strong> : Voc\u00ea pode verificar essas respostas usando a calculadora de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t inversa.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Como rastrear a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Voc\u00ea pode usar a seguinte sintaxe para tra\u00e7ar uma distribui\u00e7\u00e3o com graus de liberdade espec\u00edficos:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">from<\/span> scipy. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">stats<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> t\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> matplotlib. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">pyplot<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> plt\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#generate t distribution with sample size 10000<\/span>\nx = t. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">rvs<\/span> (df= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">12<\/span> , size= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">10000<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create plot of t distribution\n<\/span>plt. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">hist<\/span> (x, density= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">True<\/span> , edgecolor=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">black<\/span> ', bins= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">20<\/span> )\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-21401 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tdist1.png\" alt=\"diagrama de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t em Python\" width=\"580\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Alternativamente, voc\u00ea pode criar uma <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/curvas-de-densidade\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">curva de densidade<\/a> usando o pacote de visualiza\u00e7\u00e3o <a href=\"https:\/\/seaborn.pydata.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mar\u00edtima<\/a> :<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> seaborn <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> sns\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create density curve<\/span>\nsns. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">kdeplot<\/span> (x)\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-21402\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tdist2.png\" alt=\"tra\u00e7ar curva de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t em Python\" width=\"604\" height=\"348\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os tutoriais a seguir fornecem informa\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais sobre a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-normal-vs-distribuicao-t\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o normal vs distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t: qual a diferen\u00e7a?<\/a><br \/> Calculadora de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t inversa<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t \u00e9 uma distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de probabilidade semelhante \u00e0 distribui\u00e7\u00e3o normal , exceto que possui &#8220;caudas&#8221; mais pesadas que a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o normal. Em outras palavras, mais valores na distribui\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e3o localizados nas extremidades do que no centro em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o normal: Este tutorial explica como usar a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t em Python. Como [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como usar a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t em Python - Estatologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como usar a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t em Python, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como usar a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t em Python - Estatologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como usar a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t em Python, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-22T14:33:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/norm_vs_t2.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-python\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-python\/\",\"name\":\"Como usar a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t em Python - Estatologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-22T14:33:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-22T14:33:59+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como usar a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t em Python, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-python\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-python\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-python\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como usar a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o t em python\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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