{"id":2509,"date":"2023-07-21T23:16:20","date_gmt":"2023-07-21T23:16:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/centralizar-dados-em-python\/"},"modified":"2023-07-21T23:16:20","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T23:16:20","slug":"centralizar-dados-em-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/centralizar-dados-em-python\/","title":{"rendered":"Como centralizar dados em python: com exemplos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Centralizar<\/strong> um conjunto de dados significa subtrair o <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/mede-a-tendencia-central\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">valor m\u00e9dio<\/a> de cada <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/observacao-em-estatisticas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">observa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a> individual no conjunto de dados.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Depois de centralizar um conjunto de dados, o valor m\u00e9dio do conjunto de dados torna-se zero.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os exemplos a seguir mostram como centralizar dados em Python.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 1: centralize os valores de um array NumPy<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suponha que temos o seguinte array NumPy:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> numpy <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> np\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create NumPy array<\/span>\ndata = np. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">array<\/span> ([4, 6, 9, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 19, 21])\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#display mean of array<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">print<\/span> ( <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">data.mean<\/span> ())\n\n14.0<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos definir uma <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/cartao-digital\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fun\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a> para subtrair o valor m\u00e9dio da matriz de cada observa\u00e7\u00e3o individual:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create function to data center\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">center_function = <span style=\"color: #008000;\">lambda<\/span> x: x - x. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">mean<\/span> ()<\/span>\n\n#apply function to original NumPy array\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">data_centered = center_function(data)\n<\/span>\n#view updated Array\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">print<\/span> (data_centered)\n\narray([-10., -8., -5., -1., 0., 3., 4., 5., 5., 7.])\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os valores resultantes s\u00e3o os valores centralizados do conjunto de dados.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Como a m\u00e9dia da tabela original era 14, esta fun\u00e7\u00e3o simplesmente subtraiu 14 de cada valor individual da tabela original.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por exemplo:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">1\u00ba valor da matriz centralizada = 4 \u2013 14 = <strong>-10<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">2\u00ba valor da matriz centralizada = 6 \u2013 14 = <strong>-8<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">3\u00ba valor na matriz centralizada = 9 \u2013 14 = <strong>-5<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">E assim por diante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tamb\u00e9m podemos verificar que a m\u00e9dia da tabela centralizada \u00e9 zero:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#display mean of centered array<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">print<\/span> ( <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">data_centered.mean<\/span> ())\n\n0.0<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 2: centralize as colunas de um DataFrame do Pandas<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suponha que temos o seguinte DataFrame do pandas:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> pandas <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> pd\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#createDataFrame\n<\/span>df = pd. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">DataFrame<\/span> ({' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">x<\/span> ': [1, 4, 5, 6, 6, 8, 9],\n                   ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">y<\/span> ': [7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 12],\n                   ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">z<\/span> ': [3, 3, 4, 4, 6, 7, 7]})\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view DataFrame\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">print<\/span> (df)\n\n   X Y Z\n0 1 7 3\n1 4 7 3\n2 5 8 4\n3 6 8 4\n4 6 8 6\n5 8 9 7\n6 9 12 7<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o pandas <strong>apply()<\/strong> para centralizar os valores de cada coluna no DataFrame:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#center the values in each column of the DataFrame<\/span>\ndf_centered = df. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">apply<\/span> ( <span style=\"color: #008000;\">lambda<\/span> x: <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">xx.mean<\/span> ())\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view centered DataFrame<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">print<\/span> (df_centered)\n\n\t        X Y Z\n0 -4.571429 -1.428571 -1.857143\n1 -1.571429 -1.428571 -1.857143\n2 -0.571429 -0.428571 -0.857143\n3 0.428571 -0.428571 -0.857143\n4 0.428571 -0.428571 1.142857\n5 2.428571 0.571429 2.142857\n6 3.428571 3.571429 2.142857 \n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos ent\u00e3o verificar que o valor m\u00e9dio de cada coluna \u00e9 zero:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#display mean of each column in the DataFrame<\/span>\ndf_centered. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">mean<\/span> ()\n\nx 2.537653e-16\ny-2.537653e-16\nz 3.806479e-16\ndtype:float64\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">As m\u00e9dias das colunas s\u00e3o exibidas em nota\u00e7\u00e3o cient\u00edfica, mas cada valor \u00e9 essencialmente zero.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os tutoriais a seguir explicam como realizar outras opera\u00e7\u00f5es comuns em Python:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/tamanho-medio-em-python\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como calcular uma m\u00e9dia aparada em Python<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/significa-erro-quadrado-python\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como calcular o erro quadr\u00e1tico m\u00e9dio (MSE) em Python<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/media-das-colunas-selecionadas-do-pandas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como calcular a m\u00e9dia das colunas selecionadas no Pandas<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Centralizar um conjunto de dados significa subtrair o valor m\u00e9dio de cada observa\u00e7\u00e3o individual no conjunto de dados. Depois de centralizar um conjunto de dados, o valor m\u00e9dio do conjunto de dados torna-se zero. Os exemplos a seguir mostram como centralizar dados em Python. Exemplo 1: centralize os valores de um array NumPy Suponha que [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2509","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como centralizar dados em Python (com exemplos) - Estatologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como centralizar dados em Python, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/centralizar-dados-em-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como centralizar dados em Python (com exemplos) - Estatologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como centralizar dados em Python, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/centralizar-dados-em-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-21T23:16:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/centralizar-dados-em-python\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/centralizar-dados-em-python\/\",\"name\":\"Como centralizar dados em Python (com exemplos) - Estatologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-21T23:16:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-21T23:16:20+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como centralizar dados em Python, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/centralizar-dados-em-python\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/centralizar-dados-em-python\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/centralizar-dados-em-python\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como centralizar dados em python: com exemplos\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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