{"id":2663,"date":"2023-07-21T06:56:19","date_gmt":"2023-07-21T06:56:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/teste-kpss-em-python\/"},"modified":"2023-07-21T06:56:19","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T06:56:19","slug":"teste-kpss-em-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/teste-kpss-em-python\/","title":{"rendered":"Como realizar um teste kpss em python"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Um <strong>teste KPSS<\/strong> pode ser usado para determinar se uma s\u00e9rie temporal tem uma tend\u00eancia estacion\u00e1ria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este teste utiliza a seguinte hip\u00f3tese nula e alternativa:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>H <sub>0<\/sub><\/strong> : A s\u00e9rie temporal tem tend\u00eancia estacion\u00e1ria.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sub>HA<\/sub><\/strong> : A s\u00e9rie temporal <em>n\u00e3o tem<\/em> tend\u00eancia estacion\u00e1ria.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Se o <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/p-valores-significancia-estatistica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">valor p<\/a> do teste estiver abaixo de um determinado n\u00edvel de signific\u00e2ncia (ex. \u03b1 = 0,05), ent\u00e3o rejeitamos a hip\u00f3tese nula e conclu\u00edmos que a s\u00e9rie temporal n\u00e3o possui tend\u00eancia estacion\u00e1ria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Caso contr\u00e1rio, n\u00e3o conseguiremos rejeitar a hip\u00f3tese nula.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os exemplos a seguir mostram como realizar um teste KPSS em Python.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 1: teste KPSS em Python (com dados estacion\u00e1rios)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Primeiro, vamos criar alguns dados falsos em Python para trabalhar:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> numpy <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> np<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> matplotlib. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">pyplot<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> plt\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#make this example reproducible\n<\/span>n.p. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">random<\/span> . <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">seed<\/span> ( <span style=\"color: #008000;\">1<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create time series data\n<\/span>data = np. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">random<\/span> . <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">normal<\/span> (size= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">100<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create line plot of time series data\n<\/span>plt. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">plot<\/span> (data)<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-23462 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/kpss3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"524\" height=\"351\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>kpss()<\/strong> do pacote <b>statsmodels<\/b> para realizar um teste KPSS nestes dados de s\u00e9rie temporal:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> statsmodels. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">api<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> sm\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#perform KPSS test\n<\/span>sm. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">tsa<\/span> . <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">stattools<\/span> . <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">kpss<\/span> (data, regression=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">ct<\/span> ')\n\n(0.0477617848370993,\n 0.1,\n 1,\n {'10%': 0.119, '5%': 0.146, '2.5%': 0.176, '1%': 0.216})\n\nInterpolationWarning: The test statistic is outside of the range of p-values available\nin the look-up table. The actual p-value is greater than the p-value returned.\n<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Veja como interpretar o resultado:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A estat\u00edstica do teste KPSS: <strong>0,04776<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O valor p: <strong>0,1<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O par\u00e2metro de deslocamento de truncamento: <strong>1<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Valores cr\u00edticos em <strong>10%<\/strong> , <strong>5%<\/strong> , <strong>2,5%<\/strong> e <strong>1%<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O valor p \u00e9 <strong>0,1<\/strong> . Como este valor n\u00e3o \u00e9 inferior a 0,05, n\u00e3o rejeitamos a hip\u00f3tese nula do teste KPSS.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Isso significa que podemos assumir que a s\u00e9rie temporal tem uma tend\u00eancia estacion\u00e1ria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Nota 1<\/strong> : O valor p ainda \u00e9 maior que 0,1, mas o valor mais baixo que a fun\u00e7\u00e3o kpss() produzir\u00e1 \u00e9 0,1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Nota 2<\/strong> : Voc\u00ea deve usar o argumento <strong>regress\u00e3o=&#8217;ct&#8217;<\/strong> para especificar que a hip\u00f3tese nula do teste \u00e9 que os dados t\u00eam uma tend\u00eancia estacion\u00e1ria.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 2: teste KPSS em Python (com dados n\u00e3o estacion\u00e1rios)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Primeiro, vamos criar alguns dados falsos em Python para trabalhar:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> numpy <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> np<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> matplotlib. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">pyplot<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> plt\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#make this example reproducible\n<\/span>n.p. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">random<\/span> . <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">seed<\/span> ( <span style=\"color: #008000;\">1<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create time series data\n<\/span>data =np. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">array<\/span> ([0, 3, 4, 3, 6, 7, 5, 8, 15, 13, 19, 12, 29, 15, 45, 23, 67, 45])\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create line plot of time series data\n<\/span>plt. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">plot<\/span> (data)<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-23463 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/kpss4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Novamente, podemos usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>kpss()<\/strong> do pacote <b>statsmodels<\/b> para realizar um teste KPSS nestes dados de s\u00e9rie temporal:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">import<\/span> statsmodels. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">api<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">as<\/span> sm\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#perform KPSS test\n<\/span>sm. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">tsa<\/span> . <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">stattools<\/span> . <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">kpss<\/span> (data, regression=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">ct<\/span> ')\n\n(0.15096358910843685,\n 0.04586367574296928,\n 3,\n {'10%': 0.119, '5%': 0.146, '2.5%': 0.176, '1%': 0.216})\n<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Veja como interpretar o resultado:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A estat\u00edstica do teste KPSS: <strong>0,1509<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O valor p: <strong>0,0458<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O par\u00e2metro de deslocamento de truncamento: <strong>3<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Valores cr\u00edticos em <strong>10%<\/strong> , <strong>5%<\/strong> , <strong>2,5%<\/strong> e <strong>1%<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O valor p \u00e9 <strong>0,0458<\/strong> . Sendo este valor inferior a 0,05, rejeitamos a hip\u00f3tese nula do teste KPSS.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Isso significa que a s\u00e9rie temporal <em>n\u00e3o \u00e9<\/em> estacion\u00e1ria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Nota<\/strong> : Voc\u00ea pode encontrar a documenta\u00e7\u00e3o completa para a fun\u00e7\u00e3o kpss() no pacote statsmodels <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statsmodels.org\/stable\/generated\/statsmodels.tsa.stattools.kpss.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqui<\/a> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><br \/><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os tutoriais a seguir fornecem informa\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais sobre como trabalhar com dados de s\u00e9rie temporal em Python:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/teste-dickey-fuller-python\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como realizar um teste Dickey-Fuller aumentado em Python<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/mann-kendall-testando-python\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como realizar um teste de tend\u00eancia Mann-Kendall em Python<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/serie-temporal-matplotlib\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como tra\u00e7ar uma s\u00e9rie temporal no Matplotlib<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Um teste KPSS pode ser usado para determinar se uma s\u00e9rie temporal tem uma tend\u00eancia estacion\u00e1ria. Este teste utiliza a seguinte hip\u00f3tese nula e alternativa: H 0 : A s\u00e9rie temporal tem tend\u00eancia estacion\u00e1ria. HA : A s\u00e9rie temporal n\u00e3o tem tend\u00eancia estacion\u00e1ria. Se o valor p do teste estiver abaixo de um determinado n\u00edvel [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2663","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como realizar um teste KPSS em Python \u2013 Estatologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como realizar um teste KPSS em Python, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/teste-kpss-em-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como realizar um teste KPSS em Python \u2013 Estatologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como realizar um teste KPSS em Python, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/teste-kpss-em-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-21T06:56:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/kpss3.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/teste-kpss-em-python\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/teste-kpss-em-python\/\",\"name\":\"Como realizar um teste KPSS em Python \u2013 Estatologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-21T06:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-21T06:56:19+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como realizar um teste KPSS em Python, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/teste-kpss-em-python\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/teste-kpss-em-python\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/teste-kpss-em-python\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como realizar um teste kpss em python\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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