{"id":3015,"date":"2023-07-19T15:21:21","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T15:21:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/faca-nomes-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-19T15:21:21","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T15:21:21","slug":"faca-nomes-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/faca-nomes-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o make.names em r (com exemplos)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Voc\u00ea pode usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <b>make.names<\/b> em R para criar nomes sintaticamente v\u00e1lidos a partir de vetores de caracteres.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Esta fun\u00e7\u00e3o usa a seguinte sintaxe b\u00e1sica:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>make.names(names, unique = FALSE)\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ouro:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>nomes<\/strong> : vetor de caracteres para restringir nomes sintaticamente v\u00e1lidos.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>exclusivo<\/strong> : se deve ou n\u00e3o criar nomes exclusivos. O valor padr\u00e3o \u00e9 falso.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os exemplos a seguir mostram como usar essa fun\u00e7\u00e3o em diferentes cen\u00e1rios.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 1: Crie nomes v\u00e1lidos para o vetor<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suponha que temos o seguinte vetor de valores num\u00e9ricos:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create vector of numeric values\n<\/span>numeric_values &lt;- c(1, 1, 4, 7, 8)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create syntactically valid names from numeric values\n<\/span>make. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">names<\/span> (numeric_values)\n\n[1] \"X1\" \"X1\" \"X4\" \"X7\" \"X8\"\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">R define &#8220;nomes v\u00e1lidos&#8221; como nomes que come\u00e7am com um caractere ou ponto final.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Assim, para converter cada um dos valores num\u00e9ricos do vetor em um nome v\u00e1lido, R simplesmente adiciona um \u201cX\u201d na frente de cada valor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observe que dois dos nomes (&#8220;X1&#8221;) s\u00e3o exatamente iguais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Para for\u00e7ar os nomes a serem exclusivos, podemos especificar <strong>unique=TRUE<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create vector of numeric values\n<\/span>numeric_values &lt;- c(1, 1, 4, 7, 8)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create syntactically valid names from numeric values\n<\/span>make. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">names<\/span> (numeric_values, unique= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">TRUE<\/span> )\n\n[1] \"X1\" \"X1.1\" \"X4\" \"X7\" \"X8\"\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observe que cada nome agora \u00e9 \u00fanico.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 2: Crie nomes v\u00e1lidos para Matrix<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suponha que temos a seguinte matriz em R:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create matrix\n<\/span>mat &lt;- matrix(c(1, 2, 3, 7, 2, 4, 4, 6, 0, 1), ncol= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view matrix\n<\/span>mast\n\n     [,1] [,2]\n[1,] 1 4\n[2,] 2 4\n[3,] 3 6\n[4,] 7 0\n[5,] 2 1\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view column names of matrix<\/span>\ncolnames(mat)\n\nNULL<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observe que a matriz atualmente n\u00e3o possui nomes de colunas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">No entanto, podemos usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>make.names()<\/strong> para criar nomes de colunas rapidamente:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create column names for matrix\n<\/span>colnames(mat) &lt;- make. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">names<\/span> (1:ncol(mat))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view updated matrix\n<\/span>mast\n\n     X1 X2\n[1,] 1 4\n[2,] 2 4\n[3,] 3 6\n[4,] 7 0\n[5,] 2 1<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observe que a matriz agora tem \u201cX1\u201d e \u201cX2\u201d como nomes de colunas.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Se quisermos, podemos agora extrair os valores de uma coluna espec\u00edfica da matriz usando o nome da coluna:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view values in \"X1\" column of matrix\n<\/span>mat[, ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">X1<\/span> ']\n\n[1] 1 2 3 7 2\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observe tamb\u00e9m que voc\u00ea pode digitar o seguinte em R para ler a documenta\u00e7\u00e3o completa sobre como criar nomes sintaticamente v\u00e1lidos:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">?make.names<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os tutoriais a seguir explicam como realizar outras opera\u00e7\u00f5es comuns em R:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/alterar-nomes-de-linhas-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como alterar os nomes das linhas em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/colunas-de-quadro-de-dados-de-loop-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como iterar sobre nomes de colunas em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/nomes-de-funcoes-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de nomes em R<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Voc\u00ea pode usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o make.names em R para criar nomes sintaticamente v\u00e1lidos a partir de vetores de caracteres. Esta fun\u00e7\u00e3o usa a seguinte sintaxe b\u00e1sica: make.names(names, unique = FALSE) Ouro: nomes : vetor de caracteres para restringir nomes sintaticamente v\u00e1lidos. exclusivo : se deve ou n\u00e3o criar nomes exclusivos. O valor padr\u00e3o \u00e9 falso. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3015","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o make.names em R (com exemplos) \u2013 Estatologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o make.names() em R, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/faca-nomes-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o make.names em R (com exemplos) \u2013 Estatologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o make.names() em R, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/faca-nomes-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-19T15:21:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/faca-nomes-r\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/faca-nomes-r\/\",\"name\":\"Como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o make.names em R (com exemplos) \u2013 Estatologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-19T15:21:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-19T15:21:21+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o make.names() em R, com v\u00e1rios exemplos.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/faca-nomes-r\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/faca-nomes-r\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/faca-nomes-r\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o make.names em r (com exemplos)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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