{"id":3022,"date":"2023-07-19T14:36:38","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T14:36:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/r-sistema-e-exatamente-singular\/"},"modified":"2023-07-19T14:36:38","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T14:36:38","slug":"r-sistema-e-exatamente-singular","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/r-sistema-e-exatamente-singular\/","title":{"rendered":"Como reparar em r: o sistema \u00e9 exatamente singular"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Um erro que voc\u00ea pode encontrar no R \u00e9:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>Lapack routine dgesv: system is exactly singular: U[2,2] = 0\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este erro ocorre quando voc\u00ea tenta usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>solve()<\/strong> , mas a matriz com a qual voc\u00ea est\u00e1 trabalhando \u00e9 uma matriz singular que n\u00e3o possui uma matriz inversa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este tutorial explica como resolver esse erro na pr\u00e1tica.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <strong>Como reproduzir o erro<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suponha que criemos a seguinte matriz em R:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create singular matrix\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">mat &lt;- matrix(c(1, 1, 1, 1), ncol= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2<\/span> , nrow= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view matrix\n<\/span>mast\n\n     [,1] [,2]\n[1,] 1 1\n[2,] 1 1\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Agora suponha que tentamos usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>solve()<\/strong> para calcular o inverso da matriz:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#attempt to invert matrix\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">solve(mat)\n\nError in solve.default(mat): \n  Lapack routine dgesv: system is exactly singular: U[2,2] = 0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Recebemos um erro porque a matriz que criamos n\u00e3o possui uma matriz inversa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Nota<\/strong> : Confira <a href=\"https:\/\/mathworld.wolfram.com\/SingularMatrix.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">esta p\u00e1gina<\/a> do Wolfram MathWorld que mostra 10 exemplos diferentes de matrizes que n\u00e3o possuem uma matriz inversa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por defini\u00e7\u00e3o, uma matriz \u00e9 singular se tiver determinante zero.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Voc\u00ea pode usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>det()<\/strong> para calcular o determinante de uma determinada matriz antes de tentar invert\u00ea-la:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate determinant of matrix\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">det(mat)\n\n[1] 0\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O determinante da nossa matriz \u00e9 zero, o que explica porque encontramos um erro.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <strong>Como corrigir o erro<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A \u00fanica maneira de corrigir esse erro \u00e9 simplesmente criar uma matriz que n\u00e3o seja singular.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por exemplo, suponha que usamos a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>solve()<\/strong> para inverter a seguinte matriz em R:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create matrix that is not singular\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">mat &lt;- matrix(c(1, 7, 4, 2), ncol= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2<\/span> , nrow= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2<\/span> )\n<\/span>\n#view matrix\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">mast\n\n     [,1] [,2]\n[1,] 1 4\n[2,] 7 2<\/span>\n\n#calculate determinant of matrix\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">det(mat)\n\n[1] -26\n<\/span>\n#invert matrix\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">solve(mat)\n\n            [,1] [,2]\n[1,] -0.07692308 0.15384615\n[2,] 0.26923077 -0.03846154<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">N\u00e3o recebemos erros ao inverter a matriz porque a matriz n\u00e3o \u00e9 singular.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os tutoriais a seguir explicam como corrigir outros erros comuns no R:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/a-condicao-r-tem-comprimento-1-apenas-o-primeiro-elemento-sera-usado\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como corrigir: a condi\u00e7\u00e3o tem comprimento &gt; 1 e apenas o primeiro elemento ser\u00e1 usado<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/como-reparar-um-argumento-nao-numerico-para-o-operador-binario-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como corrigir: argumento n\u00e3o num\u00e9rico do operador bin\u00e1rio<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/r-erro-dim-deve-ter-comprimento-positivo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como corrigir: dim(X) deve ter um comprimento positivo<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/erro-dplyr-em-selecionar-argumentos-nao-utilizados\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como corrigir: erro ao selecionar argumentos n\u00e3o utilizados<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Um erro que voc\u00ea pode encontrar no R \u00e9: Lapack routine dgesv: system is exactly singular: U[2,2] = 0 Este erro ocorre quando voc\u00ea tenta usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o solve() , mas a matriz com a qual voc\u00ea est\u00e1 trabalhando \u00e9 uma matriz singular que n\u00e3o possui uma matriz inversa. Este tutorial explica como resolver esse [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como consertar em R: o sistema \u00e9 exatamente singular - Statorials<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como corrigir o seguinte erro em R: Rotina Lapack dgesv: o sistema \u00e9 exato singular.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/r-sistema-e-exatamente-singular\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como consertar em R: o sistema \u00e9 exatamente singular - Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como corrigir o seguinte erro em R: Rotina Lapack dgesv: o sistema \u00e9 exato singular.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/r-sistema-e-exatamente-singular\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-19T14:36:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/r-sistema-e-exatamente-singular\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/r-sistema-e-exatamente-singular\/\",\"name\":\"Como consertar em R: o sistema \u00e9 exatamente singular - Statorials\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-19T14:36:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-19T14:36:38+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como corrigir o seguinte erro em R: Rotina Lapack dgesv: o sistema \u00e9 exato singular.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/r-sistema-e-exatamente-singular\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/r-sistema-e-exatamente-singular\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/r-sistema-e-exatamente-singular\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como reparar em r: o sistema \u00e9 exatamente singular\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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