{"id":3151,"date":"2023-07-18T23:26:33","date_gmt":"2023-07-18T23:26:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-de-loess-em-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-18T23:26:33","modified_gmt":"2023-07-18T23:26:33","slug":"regressao-de-loess-em-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-de-loess-em-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Como realizar a regress\u00e3o loess em r (com exemplo)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>A regress\u00e3o LOESS<\/strong> , \u00e0s vezes chamada de regress\u00e3o local, \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo que usa ajuste local para ajustar um modelo de regress\u00e3o a um conjunto de dados.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O exemplo passo a passo a seguir mostra como realizar a regress\u00e3o LOESS em R.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 1: crie os dados<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Primeiro, vamos criar o seguinte quadro de dados em R:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view DataFrame\n<\/span>df &lt;- data. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">frame<\/span> (x=c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14),\n                 y=c(1, 4, 7, 13, 19, 24, 20, 15, 13, 11, 15, 18, 22, 27))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first six rows of data frame<\/span>\nhead(df)\n\n  xy\n1 1 1\n2 2 4\n3 3 7\n4 4 13\n5 5 19\n6 6 24\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 2: Ajustar v\u00e1rios modelos de regress\u00e3o LOESS<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>loess()<\/strong> para ajustar v\u00e1rios modelos de regress\u00e3o LOESS a este conjunto de dados, usando valores diferentes para o par\u00e2metro <strong>span<\/strong> :<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#fit several LOESS regression models to dataset\n<\/span>loess50 &lt;- loess(y ~ x, data=df, span= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">.5<\/span> )\nsmooth50 &lt;- predict(loess50) \n\nloess75 &lt;- loess(y ~ x, data=df, span= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">.75<\/span> )\nsmooth75 &lt;- predict(loess75) \n\nloess90 &lt;- loess(y ~ x, data=df, span= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">.9<\/span> )\nsmooth90 &lt;- predict(loess90) \n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create scatterplot with each regression line overlaid\n<\/span>plot(df$x, df$y, pch= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">19<\/span> , main=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Loess Regression Models<\/span> ')\nlines(smooth50, x=df$x, col=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red<\/span> ')\nlines(smooth75, x=df$x, col=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">purple<\/span> ')\nlines(smooth90, x=df$x, col=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">blue<\/span> ')\nlegend(' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">bottomright<\/span> ', legend=c(' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">.5<\/span> ', ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">.75<\/span> ', ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">.9<\/span> '),\n        col=c(' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red<\/span> ', ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">purple<\/span> ', ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">blue<\/span> '), pch= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">19<\/span> , title=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Smoothing Span<\/span> ')\n<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-26784\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/loess1.jpg\" alt=\"Regress\u00e3o de Loess em R\" width=\"452\" height=\"447\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observe que quanto menor o valor que usamos para <strong>span<\/strong> , menos \u201csuave\u201d ser\u00e1 o modelo de regress\u00e3o e mais o modelo tentar\u00e1 ajustar os pontos de dados.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etapa 3: use a valida\u00e7\u00e3o cruzada K-Fold para encontrar o melhor modelo<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Para encontrar o valor <strong>de extens\u00e3o<\/strong> ideal a ser usado, podemos realizar <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/validacao-cruzada-k-fold\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">valida\u00e7\u00e3o cruzada k-fold<\/a> usando fun\u00e7\u00f5es no pacote <strong>circunflexo<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">library<\/span> (caret)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define k-fold cross validation method\n<\/span>ctrl &lt;- trainControl(method = \" <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">cv<\/span> \", number = <span style=\"color: #008000;\">5<\/span> )\ngrid &lt;- expand. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">grid<\/span> (span = seq( <span style=\"color: #008000;\">0.5<\/span> , <span style=\"color: #008000;\">0.9<\/span> , len = <span style=\"color: #008000;\">5<\/span> ), degree = <span style=\"color: #008000;\">1<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#perform cross-validation using smoothing spans ranging from 0.5 to 0.9\n<\/span>model &lt;- train(y ~ x, data = df, method = \" <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">gamLoess<\/span> \", tuneGrid=grid, trControl = ctrl)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#print results of k-fold cross-validation\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">print<\/span> (model)\n\n14 samples\n 1 predictor\n\nNo pre-processing\nResampling: Cross-Validated (5 fold) \nSummary of sample sizes: 12, 11, 11, 11, 11 \nResampling results across tuning parameters:\n\n  span RMSE Rsquared MAE      \n  0.5 10.148315 0.9570137 6.467066\n  0.6 7.854113 0.9350278 5.343473\n  0.7 6.113610 0.8150066 4.769545\n  0.8 17.814105 0.8202561 11.875943\n  0.9 26.705626 0.7384931 17.304833\n\nTuning parameter 'degree' was held constant at a value of 1\nRMSE was used to select the optimal model using the smallest value.\nThe final values used for the model were span = 0.7 and degree = 1.<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos ver que o valor <strong>de amplitude<\/strong> que produziu o valor mais baixo para <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/como-interpretar-rmse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a raiz do erro quadr\u00e1tico m\u00e9dio<\/a> (RMSE) \u00e9 <strong>0,7<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Portanto, para nosso modelo de regress\u00e3o LOESS final, escolher\u00edamos usar um valor de <strong>0,7<\/strong> para o argumento <strong>span<\/strong> na fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>loess()<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os tutoriais a seguir fornecem informa\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais sobre modelos de regress\u00e3o em R:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-linear-simples-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como realizar regress\u00e3o linear simples em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-linear-multipla-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como realizar regress\u00e3o linear m\u00faltipla em R<\/a><br \/> Como realizar regress\u00e3o log\u00edstica em R<br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-quantilica-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como realizar regress\u00e3o quant\u00edlica em R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/minimos-quadrados-ponderados-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como realizar regress\u00e3o ponderada em R<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A regress\u00e3o LOESS , \u00e0s vezes chamada de regress\u00e3o local, \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo que usa ajuste local para ajustar um modelo de regress\u00e3o a um conjunto de dados. O exemplo passo a passo a seguir mostra como realizar a regress\u00e3o LOESS em R. Etapa 1: crie os dados Primeiro, vamos criar o seguinte quadro de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como realizar a regress\u00e3o LOESS em R (com exemplo) - Estatologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como realizar regress\u00e3o loess em R, incluindo um exemplo completo.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-de-loess-em-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como realizar a regress\u00e3o LOESS em R (com exemplo) - Estatologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como realizar regress\u00e3o loess em R, incluindo um exemplo completo.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-de-loess-em-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-18T23:26:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/loess1.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-de-loess-em-r\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-de-loess-em-r\/\",\"name\":\"Como realizar a regress\u00e3o LOESS em R (com exemplo) - Estatologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-18T23:26:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-18T23:26:33+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como realizar regress\u00e3o loess em R, incluindo um exemplo completo.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-de-loess-em-r\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-de-loess-em-r\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/regressao-de-loess-em-r\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como realizar a regress\u00e3o loess em r (com exemplo)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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