{"id":3641,"date":"2023-07-16T09:29:02","date_gmt":"2023-07-16T09:29:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-z-sas\/"},"modified":"2023-07-16T09:29:02","modified_gmt":"2023-07-16T09:29:02","slug":"pontuacao-z-sas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-z-sas\/","title":{"rendered":"Como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es z no sas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nas estat\u00edsticas, uma <strong>pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z<\/strong> nos diz quantos desvios padr\u00e3o um valor est\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/mede-a-tendencia-central\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">da m\u00e9dia<\/a> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Usamos a seguinte f\u00f3rmula para calcular uma pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>z<\/strong> = (X \u2013 \u03bc) \/ \u03c3<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ouro:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">X \u00e9 um \u00fanico valor de dados brutos<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u03bc \u00e9 a m\u00e9dia do conjunto de dados<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u03c3 \u00e9 o desvio padr\u00e3o do conjunto de dados<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O exemplo a seguir mostra como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es z para valores de dados brutos no SAS.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo: calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es Z no SAS<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suponha que criemos o seguinte conjunto de dados no SAS:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\/*create dataset*\/\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">data<\/span> original_data;\n    <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">input<\/span> values;\n    <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">datalines<\/span> ;\n7\n12\n14\n12\n16\n18\n6\n7\n14\n17\n19\n22\n24\n13\n17\n12\n;\n<span style=\"color: #800080;\">run<\/span> ;\n\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">\/*view dataset*\/\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">proc print<\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">data<\/span> = original_data;\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-29896 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/zsas1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"107\" height=\"433\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Agora, suponha que queiramos calcular a pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z para cada valor no conjunto de dados.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos usar <strong>proc sql<\/strong> para fazer isso:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\/*create new variable that shows z-scores for each raw data value*\/\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">proc sql<\/span> ;\n    <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">select<\/span> values, (values - mean(values)) \/ std(values) <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">as<\/span> z_scores\n    <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">from<\/span> original_data;\n<span style=\"color: #800080;\">quit<\/span> ;<\/strong><\/span> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-29897\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/zsas2-1.jpg\" alt=\"pontua\u00e7\u00f5es z no SAS\" width=\"154\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A coluna <strong>de valores<\/strong> exibe os valores de dados originais e a coluna <strong>z_scores<\/strong> exibe a pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z para cada valor.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Como interpretar pontua\u00e7\u00f5es Z no SAS<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uma <strong>pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z<\/strong> nos diz quantos desvios padr\u00e3o um valor est\u00e1 da m\u00e9dia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uma pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z pode ser positiva, negativa ou zero.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uma pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z positiva indica que um determinado valor est\u00e1 acima da m\u00e9dia, uma pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z negativa indica que um determinado valor est\u00e1 abaixo da m\u00e9dia e uma pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z zero indica que um determinado valor \u00e9 igual \u00e0 m\u00e9dia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Se calcul\u00e1ssemos a m\u00e9dia e o desvio padr\u00e3o do nosso conjunto de dados, descobrir\u00edamos que a m\u00e9dia \u00e9 <strong>14,375<\/strong> e o desvio padr\u00e3o \u00e9 <strong>5,162<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Portanto, o primeiro valor em nosso conjunto de dados foi 7, que teve uma pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z de (7-14,375) \/ 5,162 = <strong>-1,428<\/strong> . Isso significa que o valor \u201c7\u201d \u00e9 1,428 desvios padr\u00e3o <em>inferior<\/em> \u00e0 m\u00e9dia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O pr\u00f3ximo valor em nossos dados, 12, teve uma pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z de (12-14,375) \/ 5,162 = <strong>-0,46<\/strong> . Isso significa que o valor \u201c12\u201d \u00e9 0,46 desvios padr\u00e3o <em>inferior<\/em> \u00e0 m\u00e9dia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Quanto mais distante um valor estiver da m\u00e9dia, maior ser\u00e1 o valor absoluto do escore z para esse valor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Por exemplo, o valor 7 est\u00e1 mais distante da m\u00e9dia (14,375) do que o valor 12, o que explica porque 7 teve um escore z com valor absoluto maior.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os artigos a seguir explicam como executar outras tarefas comuns no SAS:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/valores-discrepantes-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como identificar outliers no SAS<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/percentis-sas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como calcular percentis no SAS<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/modo-mediano-medio-na-camara-de-ar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como calcular m\u00e9dia, mediana e moda no SAS<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nas estat\u00edsticas, uma pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z nos diz quantos desvios padr\u00e3o um valor est\u00e1 da m\u00e9dia . Usamos a seguinte f\u00f3rmula para calcular uma pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z: z = (X \u2013 \u03bc) \/ \u03c3 Ouro: X \u00e9 um \u00fanico valor de dados brutos \u03bc \u00e9 a m\u00e9dia do conjunto de dados \u03c3 \u00e9 o desvio padr\u00e3o do [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es Z no SAS \u2013 Estatologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es z no SAS, com um exemplo.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-z-sas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es Z no SAS \u2013 Estatologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es z no SAS, com um exemplo.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-z-sas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-16T09:29:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/zsas1-1.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-z-sas\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-z-sas\/\",\"name\":\"Como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es Z no SAS \u2013 Estatologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-16T09:29:02+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-16T09:29:02+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es z no SAS, com um exemplo.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-z-sas\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-z-sas\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-z-sas\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es z no sas\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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