{"id":3996,"date":"2023-07-14T06:54:29","date_gmt":"2023-07-14T06:54:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/mudanca\/"},"modified":"2023-07-14T06:54:29","modified_gmt":"2023-07-14T06:54:29","slug":"mudanca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/mudanca\/","title":{"rendered":"Como calcular valores de deslocamento em r (com exemplos)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Voc\u00ea pode usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>lag()<\/strong> do pacote <a href=\"https:\/\/dplyr.tidyverse.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dplyr<\/a> em R para calcular valores de atraso.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Esta fun\u00e7\u00e3o usa a seguinte sintaxe b\u00e1sica:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">deslocamento (x, n = 1,\u2026)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ouro:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>x<\/strong> : vetor de valores<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>n<\/strong> : n\u00famero de posi\u00e7\u00f5es a serem atrasadas<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O exemplo a seguir mostra como usar esta fun\u00e7\u00e3o para calcular valores deslocados na pr\u00e1tica.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo: Calculando valores deslocados em R<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suponha que temos o seguinte quadro de dados em R que mostra o n\u00famero de vendas que uma loja realizou em 10 dias consecutivos:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data frame\n<\/span>df &lt;- data. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">frame<\/span> (day=1:10,\n                 sales=c(18, 10, 14, 13, 19, 24, 25, 29, 15, 18))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view data frame\n<\/span>df\n\n   day sales\n1 1 18\n2 2 10\n3 3 14\n4 4 13\n5 5 19\n6 6 24\n7 7 25\n8 8 29\n9 9 15\n10 10 18<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>lag()<\/strong> do pacote dplyr para criar uma coluna de atraso que exibe as vendas do dia anterior para cada linha:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">library<\/span> (dplyr)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#add new column that shows sales for previous day\n<\/span>df$previous_day_sales &lt;- dplyr::lag(df$sales, n= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">1<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view updated data frame\n<\/span>df\n\n   day sales previous_day_sales\n1 1 18 NA\n2 2 10 18\n3 3 14 10\n4 4 13 14\n5 5 19 13\n6 6 24 19\n7 7 25 24\n8 8 29 25\n9 9 15 29\n10 10 18 15<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Veja como interpretar o resultado:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O primeiro valor na coluna de compensa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 <b>NA<\/b> , pois n\u00e3o h\u00e1 valor anterior na coluna de vendas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O segundo valor na coluna de deslocamento \u00e9 <strong>18<\/strong> , pois \u00e9 o valor anterior na coluna de vendas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O terceiro valor na coluna de deslocamento \u00e9 <strong>10<\/strong> , pois \u00e9 o valor anterior na coluna de vendas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">E assim por diante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tamb\u00e9m podemos alterar o valor do argumento <strong>n<\/strong> na fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>lag()<\/strong> para calcular um valor de atraso para um n\u00famero diferente de posi\u00e7\u00f5es anteriores:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">library<\/span> (dplyr)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#add new column that shows sales for two days prior\n<\/span>df$previous_day_sales &lt;- dplyr::lag(df$sales, n= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">2<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view updated data frame\n<\/span>df\n\n   day sales previous_day_sales\n1 1 18 NA\n2 2 10 NA\n3 3 14 18\n4 4 13 10\n5 5 19 14\n6 6 24 13\n7 7 25 19\n8 8 29 24\n9 9 15 25\n10 10 18 29\n<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Nota<\/strong> : Para criar uma coluna lead, use a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>lead()<\/strong> do pacote dplyr em vez da fun\u00e7\u00e3o <strong>lag()<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recursos adicionais<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os tutoriais a seguir explicam como usar outras fun\u00e7\u00f5es comuns em R:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/funcao-n-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o n() no dplyr<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/dplyr-atraves\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o across() no dplyr<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/movimento-dplyr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o relocate() no dplyr<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/fatia-dplyr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o slice() no dplyr<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Voc\u00ea pode usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o lag() do pacote dplyr em R para calcular valores de atraso. Esta fun\u00e7\u00e3o usa a seguinte sintaxe b\u00e1sica: deslocamento (x, n = 1,\u2026) Ouro: x : vetor de valores n : n\u00famero de posi\u00e7\u00f5es a serem atrasadas O exemplo a seguir mostra como usar esta fun\u00e7\u00e3o para calcular valores deslocados [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como calcular valores deslocados em R (com exemplos) \u2013 Estatoriais<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o lag() do pacote dplyr em R para calcular valores de atraso, com exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/mudanca\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como calcular valores deslocados em R (com exemplos) \u2013 Estatoriais\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o lag() do pacote dplyr em R para calcular valores de atraso, com exemplos.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/mudanca\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-14T06:54:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/mudanca\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/mudanca\/\",\"name\":\"Como calcular valores deslocados em R (com exemplos) \u2013 Estatoriais\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-14T06:54:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-14T06:54:29+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o lag() do pacote dplyr em R para calcular valores de atraso, com exemplos.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/mudanca\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/mudanca\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/mudanca\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como calcular valores de deslocamento em r (com exemplos)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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