{"id":459,"date":"2023-07-29T20:18:10","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T20:18:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/dbinom-pbinom-qbinom-rbinom-em-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-29T20:18:10","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T20:18:10","slug":"dbinom-pbinom-qbinom-rbinom-em-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/dbinom-pbinom-qbinom-rbinom-em-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Um guia para dbinom, pbinom, qbinom e rbinom em r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este tutorial explica como usar a <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/distribuicao-binomial-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">distribui\u00e7\u00e3o binomial<\/a> em R usando as fun\u00e7\u00f5es <strong>dbinom<\/strong> , <strong>pbinom<\/strong> , <strong>qbinom<\/strong> e <strong>rbinom<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">dbinom<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A fun\u00e7\u00e3o <b>dbinom<\/b> retorna o valor da fun\u00e7\u00e3o de densidade de probabilidade (pdf) da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o binomial dada alguma vari\u00e1vel aleat\u00f3ria <em>x<\/em> , o n\u00famero de tentativas (tamanho) e a probabilidade de sucesso em cada tentativa (prob). A sintaxe para usar dbinom \u00e9 a seguinte:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">dbinom(x, tamanho, probabilidade)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Em termos simples, <b>dbinom<\/b> encontra a probabilidade de obter um certo n\u00famero de <em>&nbsp;<\/em> sucesso <strong>(x)<\/strong> em um certo n\u00famero de tentativas <strong>(tamanho)<\/strong> onde a probabilidade de sucesso em cada tentativa \u00e9 fixa <strong>(prob)<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os exemplos a seguir ilustram como resolver algumas quest\u00f5es de probabilidade usando dbinom.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 1:<\/strong> <em>Bob acerta 60% de suas tentativas de lance livre. Se ele acertar 12 lances livres, qual \u00e9 a probabilidade de acertar exatamente 10?<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find the probability of 10 successes during 12 trials where the probability of\n#success on each trial is 0.6<\/span>\ndbinom(x=10, size=12, prob=.6)\n#[1]0.06385228\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A probabilidade de ele acertar exatamente 10 arremessos \u00e9 <strong>0,0639<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 2:<\/strong> <em>Sasha joga uma moeda honesta 20 vezes. Qual \u00e9 a probabilidade de a moeda sair exatamente 7 caras?<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find the probability of 7 successes during 20 trials where the probability of\n#success on each trial is 0.5\n<\/span>dbinom(x=7, size=20, prob=.5)\n#[1]0.07392883\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A probabilidade de a moeda dar cara exatamente 7 vezes \u00e9 <strong>0,0739<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">pbinom<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A fun\u00e7\u00e3o <b>pbinom<\/b> retorna o valor da fun\u00e7\u00e3o de densidade cumulativa (cdf) da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o binomial dada uma determinada vari\u00e1vel aleat\u00f3ria <em>q<\/em> , o n\u00famero de tentativas (tamanho) e a probabilidade de sucesso em cada tentativa (prob). A sintaxe para usar pbinom \u00e9 a seguinte:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">pbinom(q, tamanho, prob)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Em termos simples, <b>pbinom<\/b> retorna a \u00e1rea \u00e0 esquerda de um determinado valor <em>q<\/em> <em>&nbsp;<\/em> na distribui\u00e7\u00e3o binomial. Se voc\u00ea estiver interessado na \u00e1rea \u00e0 direita de um determinado valor <em>q<\/em> , voc\u00ea pode simplesmente adicionar o argumento <strong>lower.tail = FALSE<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">pbinom(q, tamanho, prob, lower.tail = FALSE)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Os exemplos a seguir ilustram como resolver algumas quest\u00f5es de probabilidade usando pbinom.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 1:<\/strong> <em>Ando joga uma moeda honesta 5 vezes. Qual \u00e9 a probabilidade de a moeda dar cara mais de duas vezes?<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find the probability of more than 2 successes during 5 trials where the\n#probability of success on each trial is 0.5<\/span>\npbinom(2, size=5, prob=.5, lower.tail=FALSE)\n# <span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[1] 0.5<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A probabilidade de a moeda dar cara mais de duas vezes \u00e9 <strong>de 0,5<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 2:<\/strong> <em>Digamos que Tyler acerte 30% de suas tentativas quando joga. Se ele jogar 10 vezes, qual \u00e9 a probabilidade de acertar 4 rebatidas ou menos?<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find the probability of 4 or fewer successes during 10 trials where the\n#probability of success on each trial is 0.3<\/span>\npbinom(4, size=10, prob=.3)\n# <span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[1]0.8497317<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A probabilidade de ele marcar 4 rebatidas ou menos \u00e9 <strong>0,8497<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">qbinom<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A fun\u00e7\u00e3o <b>qbinom<\/b> retorna o valor da fun\u00e7\u00e3o de densidade cumulativa inversa (cdf) da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o binomial dada uma determinada vari\u00e1vel aleat\u00f3ria <em>q<\/em> , o n\u00famero de tentativas (tamanho) e a probabilidade de sucesso de cada tentativa (prob). A sintaxe para usar qbinom \u00e9 a seguinte:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">qbinom(q, tamanho, probabilidade)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Em termos simples, voc\u00ea pode usar <strong>qbinom<\/strong> para descobrir o <sup>p-\u00e9simo<\/sup> quantil da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o binomial.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O c\u00f3digo a seguir demonstra alguns exemplos de <b>qbinom<\/b> em a\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find the 10th quantile of a binomial distribution with 10 trials and prob\n#of success on each trial = 0.4\n<\/span>qbinom(.10, size=10, prob=.4)\n# [1] 2\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find the 40th quantile of a binomial distribution with 30 trials and prob\n#of success on each trial = 0.25<\/span>\nqbinom(.40, size=30, prob=.25)\n# [1] 7\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<h2> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">rbinom<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A fun\u00e7\u00e3o <b>rbinom<\/b> gera um vetor de vari\u00e1veis aleat\u00f3rias distribu\u00eddas binomialmente, dado um comprimento de vetor <em>n<\/em> , um n\u00famero de tentativas (tamanho) e uma probabilidade de sucesso em cada tentativa (prob). A sintaxe para usar o rbinom \u00e9 a seguinte:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">rbinom(n, tamanho, probabilidade)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O c\u00f3digo a seguir demonstra alguns exemplos de <strong>rnorm<\/strong> em a\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#generate a vector that shows the number of successes of 10 binomial experiments with\n#100 trials where the probability of success on each trial is 0.3.\n<\/span>results &lt;- rbinom(10, size=100, prob=.3)\nresults\n# [1] 31 29 28 30 35 30 27 39 30 28\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find mean number of successes in the 10 experiments (compared to expected<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#mean of 30)<\/span><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\nmean(results)\n# [1] 32.8\n\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#generate a vector that shows the number of successes of 1000 binomial experiments\n#with 100 trials where the probability of success on each trial is 0.3.\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">results &lt;- rbinom(1000, size=100, prob=.3)<\/span>\n\n#find mean number of successes in the 100 experiments (compared to expected\n#mean of 30)\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">mean(results)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"># [1] 30.105\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observe que quanto mais vari\u00e1veis aleat\u00f3rias criamos, mais pr\u00f3ximo o n\u00famero m\u00e9dio de sucessos est\u00e1 do n\u00famero esperado de sucessos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Nota: \u201cN\u00famero esperado de sucessos\u201d = <strong>n<\/strong> * <strong>p<\/strong> onde <strong>n<\/strong> \u00e9 o n\u00famero de tentativas e <strong>p<\/strong> \u00e9 a probabilidade de sucesso para cada tentativa.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Este tutorial explica como usar a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o binomial em R usando as fun\u00e7\u00f5es dbinom , pbinom , qbinom e rbinom . dbinom A fun\u00e7\u00e3o dbinom retorna o valor da fun\u00e7\u00e3o de densidade de probabilidade (pdf) da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o binomial dada alguma vari\u00e1vel aleat\u00f3ria x , o n\u00famero de tentativas (tamanho) e a probabilidade de sucesso em [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - 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