{"id":860,"date":"2023-07-28T12:33:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-28T12:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/f-teste-python\/"},"modified":"2023-07-28T12:33:00","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T12:33:00","slug":"f-teste-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/f-teste-python\/","title":{"rendered":"Como realizar um teste f em python"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Um <strong>teste F<\/strong> \u00e9 usado para testar se duas vari\u00e2ncias populacionais s\u00e3o iguais. As hip\u00f3teses nula e alternativa do teste s\u00e3o as seguintes:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>H <sub>0<\/sub> :<\/strong> \u03c3 <sub>1<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> = \u03c3 <sub>2<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> (as varia\u00e7\u00f5es populacionais s\u00e3o iguais)<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>H <sub>1<\/sub> :<\/strong> \u03c3 <sub>1<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> \u2260 \u03c3 <sub>2<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> (as varia\u00e7\u00f5es populacionais <em>n\u00e3o<\/em> s\u00e3o iguais)<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este tutorial explica como realizar um teste F em Python.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo: teste F em Python<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suponha que tenhamos os dois exemplos a seguir:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>x = [18, 19, 22, 25, 27, 28, 41, 45, 51, 55]<\/strong>\n<strong>y = [14, 15, 15, 17, 18, 22, 25, 25, 27, 34]<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Podemos usar a seguinte fun\u00e7\u00e3o para realizar um teste F para determinar se as duas popula\u00e7\u00f5es das quais essas amostras v\u00eam t\u00eam vari\u00e2ncias iguais:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">import<\/span> numpy <span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">as<\/span> np\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define F-test function<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">def<\/span> f_test(x, y):\n    x = np.array(x)\n    y = np.array(y)\n    f = np.var(x, ddof=1)\/np.var(y, ddof=1) <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate F test statistic<\/span>\n    dfn = x.size-1 <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define degrees of freedom numerator<\/span>\n    dfd = y.size-1 <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define degrees of freedom denominator<\/span>\n    p = 1-scipy.stats.f.cdf(f, dfn, dfd) <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find p-value of F test statistic<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #008000;\">return<\/span> f,p\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#perform F-test\n<\/span>f_test(x, y)\n\n(4.38712, 0.019127)\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A estat\u00edstica do teste F \u00e9 <strong>4,38712<\/strong> e o valor p correspondente \u00e9 <strong>0,019127<\/strong> . Como esse valor p \u00e9 inferior a 0,05, rejeitar\u00edamos a hip\u00f3tese nula. Isto significa que temos evid\u00eancias suficientes para dizer que as duas vari\u00e2ncias populacionais <em>n\u00e3o<\/em> s\u00e3o iguais.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Coment\u00e1rios<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A estat\u00edstica do teste F \u00e9 calculada como s <sub>1<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> \/ s <sub>2<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> . Por padr\u00e3o, <a href=\"https:\/\/numpy.org\/doc\/stable\/reference\/generated\/numpy.var.html#:~:text=Compute%20the%20variance%20along%20the,the%20spread%20of%20a%20distribution.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">numpy.var<\/a> calcula a varia\u00e7\u00e3o da popula\u00e7\u00e3o. Para calcular a vari\u00e2ncia da amostra, precisamos especificar <strong>ddof=1<\/strong> .<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O valor p corresponde a 1 \u2013 cdf da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o F com graus de liberdade no numerador = n <sub>1<\/sub> -1 e graus de liberdade no denominador = n <sub>2<\/sub> -1.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Esta fun\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00f3 funciona quando a vari\u00e2ncia da primeira amostra \u00e9 maior que a vari\u00e2ncia da segunda amostra. Portanto, defina ambos os exemplos para trabalhar com a fun\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Quando usar o teste F<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O teste F \u00e9 normalmente usado para responder a uma das seguintes perguntas:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1.<\/strong> Duas amostras v\u00eam de popula\u00e7\u00f5es com vari\u00e2ncias iguais?<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2.<\/strong> Um novo tratamento ou processo reduz a variabilidade de um tratamento ou processo atual?<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Relacionado:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/teste-f-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Como realizar um teste F em R<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Um teste F \u00e9 usado para testar se duas vari\u00e2ncias populacionais s\u00e3o iguais. As hip\u00f3teses nula e alternativa do teste s\u00e3o as seguintes: H 0 : \u03c3 1 2 = \u03c3 2 2 (as varia\u00e7\u00f5es populacionais s\u00e3o iguais) H 1 : \u03c3 1 2 \u2260 \u03c3 2 2 (as varia\u00e7\u00f5es populacionais n\u00e3o s\u00e3o iguais) Este [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como realizar um teste F em Python \u2013 Estatologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como realizar um teste F para varia\u00e7\u00f5es iguais em Python.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/f-teste-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como realizar um teste F em Python \u2013 Estatologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este tutorial explica como realizar um teste F para varia\u00e7\u00f5es iguais em Python.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/f-teste-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-28T12:33:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/f-teste-python\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/f-teste-python\/\",\"name\":\"Como realizar um teste F em Python \u2013 Estatologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-28T12:33:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-28T12:33:00+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Este tutorial explica como realizar um teste F para varia\u00e7\u00f5es iguais em Python.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/f-teste-python\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/f-teste-python\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/f-teste-python\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como realizar um teste f em python\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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